Clinical Psychology Flashcards
Philajama et al (2008)
When using ICD and register diagnosis measures, individuals had the same diagnosis 78% of the time (DSM=75%)
Stinchfield (2003)
They looked at the diagnosis of pathalogical gambling. It was found that the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was reliable and valid
Goldstein
They asked other experts to carry out the re-diagnosis seprately, using a single-blind technique. She found a high level of agreement and inter-rater reliability and consistent diagnoses were found
Cheniaux et al (2009)
Schizophrenia more frequently diagnosed using ICD-10 than DSM-IV. This suggets a lack of reliability between 2 systems
Jansonn et al (2002)
They found that different classification systems focused on different features and symptoms in schizphrenia. Therefore the validity of diagnosis is less likely
Bentall (2007)
They cite research suggesting that faulty source monitoring means that patients are unable to distinguish between self-genrated thoughts and external stimuli leading to hallcinations or results in delusions and disordered thinking (e.g. thought insertion) because the individual does not realise that the thoughts are self-generated. They mistakenly regard their own thoughts as alien and coming from someone else
Frith (1979)
They suggested that people with Schizophrenia have a faulty attention system and are unable to filter out thoughts that are unimportant. Instead they are treated as more significant than they really are, leading to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations, delusions and disorganised speech
Hemsley (1993, 2005)
They suggested that patients’ poor integration of schemas (expectations based on memory and experience) and perception means that they do not know which aspects of a situation to attend to and which to ignore. It also means they struggle to predict what will happen next, leading to disorganised thinking and behaviour.
Arroll (2005)
In a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing SSRI and TCAs to placebos, they found that 56-60% in most studies responded well to treatment compared to 42-47% for placebo groups
Caporino and Karver (2012)
They asked adolescent girls to rate treatments for depression on their acceptability. Psychotherapy more acceptable than combined therapy (both psychotherapy and drug treatment). Drug treatment on its own seen as not acceptable.
Geddes et al (2003)
They carried out a research review and found that drug treatment for depression showed a relapse rate of 18% and the placebo group had a 41% relapse rate
Hoffman et al (2012)
They conducted a review of over 100 meta-analyses using CBT. From their review they found that evidence for the effectiveness of CBT is strong, as it was more effective than control conditions. However, they found some evidence that CBT was as effective as other psychological treatments and drug therapy but not more effective.
Kuyken et al (2008)
They did an RCT of drugs vs CBT and at follow up 15 months after the treatment, 47% of the MBCT group had relapsed, compared to 60% of the antidepressant-only group. They concluded that the MBCT had given the clients skills for life. making it more effective at preventing relapse
Holland et al (2001)
They found that clients taking antidepressants had a relapse rate of 45% compared to 40% in CT. CBT works just as well as drugs and is more likely to prevent relapse because the client is quipped with tools to cope in the future
Drury et al. (1996)
They found that in an acute phase, CBT patients showed fewer psychotic symptoms at week 7 of a 12 week intervention compared to the comparison group (who had another therapy, activities and informal support).
