Clinical Psychology

Question 1

What are the two dimensions of worldview (Sue)

Answer 1

Locus of control and Locus of Responsibility

Question 2

Believe they are in control of their own outcomes and responsible for their success and failures (what kind of LOC and LOR)

Answer 2

Internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility [IC-IR]

Question 3

Believe they can determine their out outcomes if given the chance but others are responsible for keeping them from doing so (what kind of LOC and LOR)

Answer 3

Internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility [IC-ER]

Question 4

Believe they have little/no control over their outcomes and they are not responsible for them (what kind of LOC and LOR)

Answer 4

External locus of control and external locus of responsibility [EC-ER]

Question 5

Believe they have little control over their outcomes but tend to take responsibility for their failures (what kind of LOC and LOR)

Answer 5

External locus of control and internal locus of responsibility [EC, IR]

Question 6

What kind of responsibility and locus of control is typical of American culture

Answer 6

Internal control and internal responsibility

Question 7

According to Sue, clients with this kind of level or responsibility and control can be hard for white therapists with IC-IR

Answer 7

Clients with internal control and external responsibility [IC, ER]

Question 8

What are the 4 acculturation strategies

Answer 8

Integration
Assimilation
Separation
Marginalization

Question 9

When you retain your own culture and adopt majority culture

Answer 9

integration

Question 10

When you reject your own culture and adopt majority culture

Answer 10

assimilation

Question 11

When you retain your own culture and reject majority culture

Answer 11

Separation

Question 12

When you reject your own culture and reject majority culture

Answer 12

Marginalization

Question 13

When a person accepts society’s negative beliefs/stereotypes about their own racial group

Answer 13

Internalized Racism

Question 14

Discrimination based on skin hue/color, hair texture, eye color, preference for lighter skin (can be a form of internalized racism)

Answer 14

Colorism

Question 15

Brief or commonplace daily, verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities and intentional or unintentional

Answer 15

microaggression

Question 16

3 types of microaggressions

Answer 16

Micro assault
Micro insult
Micro invalidation

Question 17

Explicit, usually intentional and meant to hurt; “old fashioned racism”

Answer 17

Micro assault (exp: name calling)

Question 18

Verbal and nonverbal; insensitive or demeaning and pathologizing of culture, communication styles, and assuming race makes them dangerous/deviant

Answer 18

Micro insult (exp: believe Black people are hired because of affirmative action)

Question 19

Exclude, negate thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of POC; assuming POC are foreigners, color blindness/not acknowledging race or impacts of race

Answer 19

Micro invalidation (exp: assuming Asian student wasn’t born in the US; complimenting them on their English)

Question 20

This refers to the different perspectives that psychologists can take when working with clients from different cultural backgrounds

Answer 20

Emic vs. Etic

Question 21

Emic Perspective

Answer 21

Bx is affected by culture so psychological theories and interventions may not apply the same across cultures

Question 22

Etic Perspective

Answer 22

Bx is similar across cultures and the same psychological theories and interventions are appropriate for everyone regardless of cultural background

Question 23

This term explains the inability of some mental health professionals to work effectively with people of different cultural backgrounds; these mental health professionals are insensitive to cultural differences and believe their own cultural assumptions about mental health or normality applies to people from all cultural backgrounds

Answer 23

cultural encapsulation

Question 24

Psychologist who’s work highlights White Privilege

Answer 24

Peggy McIntosh

Question 25

These interventions focus on making changes in the client so they can adapt to the environment

Answer 25

Autoplastic interventions; strategies including gaining insight into problems or changing behaviors

Question 26

These interventions focus on altering the environment/situation to fit client’s needs, desires, attributes

Answer 26

Alloplastic interventions; strategies including removing self from stressful situation (changing jobs)

Question 27

What are tight cultures and what are some examples

Answer 27

Strong social norms
Decreased tolerance for deviant bxs
Greater conformity
Risk avoidant bxs
Preference for Stability
Lower openness to change
Higher conscientiousness
Exps: Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Pakistan, Malaysia, India
Tight cultures tend to have high population densities, greater vulnerability to natural disasters & disease & scarcity of resources so strong norms and punishments are required for survival

Question 28

What are loose cultures and what are some examples

Answer 28

Weak social norms
Increased tolerance for deviant bxs
Greater willingness to take risks
Greater openness to change and innovation
Exps: California, Oregon, Washington, Estonia, Hungary, Israel

Question 29

This communication style relies on group understanding, non-verbal messages, and is characteristic of several minority groups

Answer 29

High context communication style (may be used by many African Americans)

Question 30

This communication styles relies on the verbal message independent of context

Answer 30

Lox context communication style [characteristic of white (mainstream) cultural]

Question 31

Diagnostic Overshadowing

Answer 31

tendency to attribute all of a person’s problems to a previous diagnosis or demographic factor without considering something else or overlooking other problems (exp: assuming presenting problem of gay people is due to sexual orientation and not something else)

Question 32

Minority Stress Theory explains increased risk for mental health problems among which population

Answer 32

Sexual minorities due to chronic stress and stigma; has also been applied to other minority groups

Question 33

Stress within the person including concealment, fear of rejection, and internalized heterosexism

Answer 33

Proximal stress (close)

Question 34

What is ascribed status

Answer 34

It’s related to credibility and it’s the position or role assigned to therapists by client’s culture; for example, age and gender can contribute to this in certain cultures

Question 35

What is achieved status

Answer 35

It’s related to credibility and is based on the therapist’s expertise and experience working with client’s of a particular culture

Question 36

The fidelity adaptation dilemma is related to what

Answer 36

Evidenced Based Treatments and efforts to make them more culturally relevant. The concern is that doing so may impact standardization; but research has found that cultural adaptations benefit outcomes especially for adults and populations that need the modification (language and acculturation issues) and when adding to a protocol instead of taking away from it

Question 37

With this population, eye contact may be seen as disrespectful and a firm handshake may be seen as aggressive

Answer 37

American indians

Question 38

With this population, using a therapy network to provide support and engaging in collaborative problem solving that is client centered and not very directive is preferred

Answer 38

American Indian

Question 39

These terms refer to male dominance and female submissiveness respectively in Spanish

Answer 39

Machismo and Marianismo

Question 40

This population may find it effective to use folktales, proverbs, and idioms to present models of adaptive bxs and help express feelings

Answer 40

Hispanic/Latin Americans

Question 41

For this population, fear of losing face and shame are motivators for bx and may keep them from expressing emotions and discussing personal problems

Answer 41

Asian American

Question 42

This population may prefer the therapist to maintain a formal style and an expert role

Answer 42

Asian American

Question 43

True or False, LGBTQ clients may be twice as likely as heterosexual clients to have mental disorders

Answer 43

true

Question 44

True or False, bisexual clients may be more likely than gay and lesbian clients to have mental disorders

Answer 44

true

Question 45

Who has higher therapy utilization, gay men or lesbian women

Answer 45

Gay men

Question 46

Who has higher therapy utilization, bisexual men or bisexual women

Answer 46

they have similar utilization

Question 47

Social disapproval that leads to discrimination and stigmatizes non-heterosexual identity, relationships, and behaviors

Answer 47

heterosexism

Question 48

true or false, mental disorders are lower in older adults (besides neurocognitive disorders)

Answer 48

true

Question 49

What diagnoses are most common among older adults

Answer 49

Anxiety and Depression (but most likely to complain of physical and cognitive sxs rather than sadness)

Question 50

What is the integration paradox

Answer 50

higher status immigrants (more education and economically successful) are more likely than lower status immigrants to report experiences of discrimination and disrespect and are less likely to have positive attitudes about mainstream culture.
One explanation is that they have increased likelihood of experiencing discrimination because of their social standing. Another explanation is that they are more likely to see bxs as discrimination due to sophisticated cognitive abilities

Question 51

What is the immigration paradox

Answer 51

For some immigrant groups, new immigrants tend to have better physical and mental health and educational outcomes compared to more established immigrants and non immigrants