Clinical sciences

Question 1

what is used to detect mutated oncogenes(BRCA1)

Answer 1

polymerase chain reaction

Question 2

which test is used to compare two sets of observations on a single sample- before and after intervention- before and after pain relief adminstration

Answer 2

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Question 3

Test used to compare proportions or percentages who improved followed two different interventions

Answer 3

Chi-squared test

Question 4

Main component of endogenous lung surfactant

Answer 4

Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine(phospholipids)

Question 5

Layers of Epidermis(CLGSB(G))

Answer 5

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Germinavatum

Question 6

Which layer of epidermis are melanocytes and keratinocytes found in?

Answer 6

Stratum Germinavatum(basal layer)

Question 7

the proportion of patients who test positive on screening and do have the condition. What is this screening measure?

Answer 7

Positive Predictive Value

Question 8

proportion of patients who test negative on screening, and do not have the condition. What is this screening measure?

Answer 8

Negative Predictive Value

Question 9

proportion of patients who do not have condition and test negative on the screening test. What is this screening measure?

Answer 9

Specificity

Question 10

Proportion of patients with the condition who has a positive result

Answer 10

Sensitivity

Question 11

Wide vermillion border, supravalvular Aortic Stenosis, flat nasal bridge, Disinhibited Friendly behaviour. Diag

Answer 11

Williams Syndrome- diagnosed with FISH studies

Question 12

subvalvular Aortic Stenosis association

Answer 12

Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Question 13

Valvular Aortic Stenosis

Answer 13

Calcification, rheumatic fever

Question 14

X-linked recessive condition, deficiency in alpha-galactosidase A- burning pain/paraesthesia,dark and red painless spots on skin(angiokeratomas), Corneal Opacities, and early cardiac and renal disease

Answer 14

Fabry disease

Question 15

Commonest chromosomal defect in Downs syndrome

Answer 15

Nondisjunction

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus - function- the Charon of cell organelles- takes things to die

Answer 16

Modifies, sorts and packages molecules that are destined for cell secretion.
Adds Mannose-6-phosphate to proteins to designate transport to lysosymes

Question 17

Specificity Calculation

Answer 17

TN/(TN+FP)

Question 18

Contingency table for Specificity and Sensitivity Calculation

Answer 18

TN, FP

FN TP

Question 19

Sensitivity Calculation

Answer 19

TP/(TP+FN)

Question 20

Positive predictive Value Calculation

Answer 20

TP/(TP+FP)

Question 21

Negative Predictive Value Calculation

Answer 21

TN/(TN+FN)

Question 22

Leptin- where is it released from

Answer 22

Adipose Tissue

Question 23

Leptin- where does it act and other functions

Answer 23

Satiety Centre in Hypothalamus- decrease appetitie, releases Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and Corticotrophin releasing Hormone(CRH)

Question 24

C1 inhibitor deficiency causes what disease

Answer 24

causes hereditary angioedema

Question 25

C1q, C1rs, C2, C4 deficiency causes what disease

Answer 25

causes immune complex disease-Henoch-schonlein Purpura

Question 26

C3 Deficiency causes what disease

Answer 26

recurrent bacterial infections

Question 27

C5 Deficiency causes what disease

Answer 27

Leiner disease- , recurrent diarrhoea, wasting , and seborrhoeic dermatitis

Question 28

C5-9 deficiency

Answer 28

encodes the Membrane attack complex-prone to neisseria meningitidis infection

Question 29

REM sleep associated disorders - which waves

Answer 29

Beta waves | incomplete paralyisis- patient kicks out and acts out their dreams- vivid intense and violent

Question 30

Non - REM 1 disorder and which waves

Answer 30

Theta waves | Limb jerks

Question 31

NON - REM2 association and which waves

Answer 31

50% of total sleep - sleep spindles

Question 32

NON - REM 3 disorders and waves

Answer 32

Disorders- night terrors, nocturnal enuresis , sleepwalking | Delta waves