clinical signs and symptoms Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is dysphagia
difficulty swallowing -> seen in oesophageal cancer
what is haematemesis
vomiting blood -> seen in stomach cancer
what is haemoptysis
coughing blood -> seen in lung cancer
what is melaena
blood in stool -> seen in stomach and upper GI tract cancer
what is haematuria
blood in urine -> seen in kidney or urinary cancer
what is jaundice
yellowish discolouration of skin -> seen in liver/ pancreatic cancer
what is ascites
collection of fluid in abdominal cavity -> seen in liver or ovarian cancer or any cancer with metastases
what is menorrhagia
heavy periods -> seen in uterine cancer
what is hemiplegia
paralysis of one half of the body -> seen in brain cancer
what is hemianopia
blindness in half the eye -> seen in pituitary cancer
what are the clinical signs and symptoms for lung cancer
- deranged function
- difficulty breathing (dyspnoea)
- unresolved cough
- coughing of blood
symptoms of cancer cachexia
- severe weight loss
- loss of appetite
- nausea
- weakness and fatigue
what does the SOCRATES acronym for taking patient history stand for
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Association
Time course
Exacerbating/ relieving factors
Severity
what can undescended testes in the past history indicate
testicular cancer
what can early menarche/late menopause in the past history indicate
breast/uterine cancers
what can nulliparity in the past history indicate
some ovarian/ uterine cancers
what can obesity in the past history indicate
various cancers
what can infections such as H. pylori in the past history indicate
stomach cancer
what can infections such as Schistosomiasis in the past history indicate
bladder cancers
what cancers are related to alcohol
liver, breast, bowel
what cancers are related to HRT
endometrial and breast
what cancers are related to di-ethyl stilbestrol
breast
what cancers are related to radiation
second cancers (e.g. leukemias)
what cancers are related to the dye industry
urinary and bladder
