Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MLSCI 466 > Clinical toxicology > Flashcards

Clinical toxicology Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the fundamental approach to poison exposed patient

A

A- airway
B- breathing
C- circulation
D- decontamination
E- Elimination
F- find an antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why can the airway be endangered (3)

A

-sedation causes small airway
- vomit blockage
- increased secretion (mucus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is circulation assessed

A

signs of poor perfusion
establish vascular access early in poisoned patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how to do CPR

A

compression
airway - tilt head
breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

treatment for poor perfusion/ circulation

A

IV/ medications to increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the goal of decontamination

A

prevent or minimize absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the best option for decontamination

A

activated charcoal given within first hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F EMESIS should NOT be given to patients who are vomiting

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which substances does activated charcoal NOT work in

A

Pesticides
hydrocarbon
acids and alkali
iron
lithium
solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is whole bowel irrigation (using PEG) done

A

ingestion of iron, lead, lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the methods used for elimination

A
  1. urine alkalization
  2. hemodialysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what substance is urine alkalization most effective

A

salicylates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is hemodialysis performed

A

ingestion of; STUMBLE
Salicylates
Theophyline
Uremia
Methanol
Barbituates
Lithium
Ethlylene Glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what methods are used for decontamination

A
  1. vomitting - DONT USE EMESIS
  2. gastric lavage
  3. activated charcoal
    4.whole bowel irrigation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 5 common toxidromes

A
  1. sedative/hypnotic
  2. opioid
  3. cholinergic
  4. anticholinergic
  5. sympathomimetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the diagnosis for opioids

A

naloxone (narcan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where are cholinergic toxidromes found

A

organic phosphorous compounds = pesticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are common cholinergic toxidrome symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

SLUDGE and KILLER B’s

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
GI distress
Emesis

Bronchorrhea, Bronchospasms, Bradycardia

19
Q

common drugs of sympathomimetic

20
Q

purpose of blood gas tes

Study These Flashcards
A

calculate the anion and osmolar gap

21
Q

anion gap formula

Study These Flashcards
A

sodium- (bicarb + chloride)

22
Q

what does anion gap >12 mean

Study These Flashcards
A

toxic substances presence leading to metabolic acidosis

23
Q

what causes high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

MUDPILES

methanol
uremia
diabetic keoacidosis
paraldehyde
iron
lactic acidosis
ethylene glycol
salicylates

24
Q

osmolar gap formula

Study These Flashcards
A

measures - calculated osmols

25
calculated osmole formula
2(na)+glucose+urea
26
what does >10 osmolar gap lead to
toxic alcohol ingestion
27
what are limitations of the tox screen (4)
-does not screen all substances -takes days to get results -expensive - high false pos and neg
28
what does PADIS stand for
poison and drug information service
29
ASA toxic and severely toxic reference range
150-200 = toxic 300-500 = severe
30
symptoms seen with ASA overdoes
respiratory alkalosis initially into metabolic acidosis
31
decontamination and (2) elimination methods for ASA overdoes
D: activated charcoal E: urinary alkalinization and hemodialysis
32
Tylenol toxic reference range
>150 mg/kg
33
How does acetaminophen toxic metabolism work
non toxic (suilfation and glucuronidation) are saturated so the P450 pathway starts making NAPQI NAPQI depletes glutathione = cell dysfunction
34
what are the 4 phases of acetaminophen poisoning
P1 (<24hr) - vomit P2 (24-72hr) - upper abdominal pain and increased AST/ALT/bili/INR P3 (72-96hr) - hepatic necrosis, renal failure, heart damage P4 (4d-2wk) - liver transplant or death
35
what is used to screen acetaminophen level for possible poisoning
nomogram
36
purpose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
glutathione substitute used within 8 hours to limit acetaminophen
37
decontamination and antidote of acetaminophen
D; activated charcoal F; NAC
38
T/F carbon monoxide poisoning can be resolved using IV fluids
F
39
what is the antitote for carbon monoxide poisoning
100% supplemental oxygen (hyperbaric chamber)
40
what are the 3 stages of ethylene glycol poisoning
1- acute neurologic 2- cardiopulmonary 3- renal
41
how to we prevent alcohol metabolism
block alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) using ethanol or fomepizole
42
T/F methanol has toxic metabolites while ethanol does NOT
T
43
What is a clinical finding found in methanol poisoning but not ethanol
visual changes (impacts the eyes)
44
what are the elimination and antitote for toxic alcohols
E; hemodialyiss F; ethanol or fomepizole

MLSCI 466 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions