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ZA - Renal System > Clinical UTI > Flashcards

Clinical UTI Flashcards

1
Q

What is an infection of the kidney called?

A

Acute/Chronic Pyelonephritis

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2
Q

What is an infection of the bladder called?

A

Cystitis

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3
Q

What is an infection of the urethra called

A

Urethritis

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4
Q

Infection of prostate?

A

Prostatitis

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5
Q

Infection of testes/epididymis?

A

Epididymo-orchitis

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6
Q

What are the general predisposing factors making someone more prone to UTIS/

A

Immunosuppression
Steroids
Malnutrition
Diabetes

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7
Q

What organisms usually cause UTIs?

A

Usually bowel organisms

E. Coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Enterococcus

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8
Q

What can cause urethra to bladder transmission of bacteria?

A

Intercourse for females

Catheterisation

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9
Q

Clinical features of UTI in kids?

A 
Diarrhoea
Excessive crying
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
Not eating
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10
Q

Clinical features of UTI in adults?

A 
Flank pain
Dysuria - like passing broken glass
Cloudy urine
Strangury 
Confusion in very elderly
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11
Q

What is strangury ?

A

Severe pain and a strong desire to urinate.

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12
Q

Clinical features of acute pyelonephritis?

A 
Pyrexia
Poor localisation
Loin tenderness (renal angle)
Signs of dehydration
Turbid urine
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13
Q

UTI investigations?

A

MSSU

Urine analysis in ward - blood, leukocytes, protein and nitrates

Microbiology - microscopy and gram-staining, culture and sensitivity

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14
Q

In children, men or when UTIs are frequent what investigations can be useful?

A

Ultrasound/IVU

Isotope studies to rule out reflux and scarring

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15
Q

Treatment?

A

Fluids
Antibiotics - amoxicillin

For severe infections - IV antibiotics

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16
Q

What is Reflux Nephropathy?

A

Kidney damage due to urine flowing backwards and causing repeat UTIs

17
Q

Investigations for Reflux Nephropathy? Treatment?

A

Micturating cystogram

Assess progression by ultrasound scan & biochemistry

Treated via surgery

18
Q

Indwelling Urinary Catheters considerations?

A

Aseptic technique
Fluid intake

Colonisation is inevitable but antibiotics only if patient symptomatic - just replace catheter

19
Q

What is Bacteriuria?

A

Bacteria level of >10^5 in urine

But also depends on clinical symptoms as you can get asymptomatic bacteriuria and bacteriuria of pregnancy

20
Q

What does chronic pyelonephritis look like radiologically? What sign will often accompany it?

A

Radiology - scarring and clubbing of calyces

Also has HTN and can progress to chronic renal failure

ZA - Renal System (27 decks)

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