Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

what is fibrous pericardium continuous with

Answer 1

the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 2

what is the fibrous pericardium made of

Answer 2

tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue

Question 3

what is serous pericardium made of

Answer 3

Made up of a layer of mesothelium, backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue

Question 4

what does the parietal serous pericardium line

Answer 4

the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 5

what does the pericardial cavity do

Answer 5

separates 2 layers of serous pericardium, contains pericardial fluid which provides lubrication for heart movement

Question 6

what does the visceral serous pericardium do

Answer 6

covers surface of the heart (also known as the epicardium)

Question 7

what are the main functions of the fibrous ‘skeleton’ of the heart

Answer 7

• Supports the valves and provides attachment for cardiac muscle fibres
• Electrically isolates the atria from the ventricles as the depolarization travels from the AV node to the ventricles

Question 8

what is a haemocardium

Answer 8

when the pericardial cavity fills with blood, meaning pressure around the heart prevents cardiac contraction

Question 9

what is Pericardiocentesis:

Answer 9

drainage of fluid from pericardial cavity

Question 10

how is Pericardiocentesis completed

Answer 10

Needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously

Question 11

what is the Transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 11

Space within pericardial cavity - posterosuperiorly

Question 12

where does the Transverse pericardial sinus lie

Answer 12

Lies posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 13

what do Venous angles do

Answer 13

(between internal jugular vein and subclclavian veins) drain lymph back into blood stream

Question 14

what does the Coronary sinus do:

Answer 14

vein which drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium to SVC and IVC (right atrium)

Question 15

• Anything above the coronary sinus is the

Answer 15

base of the heart

Question 16

• Anything below the coronary sinus is the

Answer 16

diaphragmatic surface

Question 17

what are the branches of the Right coronary artery:

Answer 17

1. right marginal artery
2. posterior interventicular artery

Question 18

what are the branches of the left coronary artery:

Answer 18

1. Circumflex artery
2. LAD (Left Anterior Descending)
3. left marginal artery
4. lateral diagonal branch

Question 19

what does the Interatrial septum do

Answer 19

Seperates the atria

Question 20

what does the Interventricular septum do

Answer 20

Seperates the ventricles

Question 21

Crista terminalis:

Answer 21

border between pectinate muscles and the sinus venarum of right atrium

Question 22

describe the heart flow through valves

Answer 22

1. RA to RV through tricuspid valve
2. RV to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve
3. Pulm to LA
4. LA ro LV through mitral valve
5. LV to aorta through Aortic valve

Question 23

what do Tendinous cords do

Answer 23

snap shut to ensure unidirectional flow of the blood

Question 24

what does the fibrous skeleton do

Answer 24

provides attachment for heart valves and muscle fibres and prevent excess dilation

Question 25

what does the Moderator band do

Answer 25

helps right ventricle contract properly by contracting papillary muscles at same time