Clinicals Flashcards
(32 cards)
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Antalgic gait
Antalgic gait is a form of gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weight-bearing.[1]
TOMEO
tTumor screening tOsteopenia screening tMarrow screening tEndocrine screening tOsteomalacia screening
Laboratory test for TOMEO
FBC, Chemistries Serum electrophoresis Bence Jones proteins (MM) Thyroid function tests Diabetes evaluation Tc bone scan (metastases?) CT, MRI
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture
Osteoporosis is usually found where?
Shoulder, wrist, hip, vertebrae
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Early menopause Cigarette smoking Ex caffeine Ex alcohol Exercise induced amenorrhea Inactivity
Dietary requires for osteoporosis
High fibre
High protein
High phosphate
Treatment for osteoporosis
Increase bone mass: calcium 1500 mg, vit d 400 units
Di phosphates, fluoride.
Decrease bone loss: calcitonin ( decrease osteoclasts ), estrogen and progestin.
Exercising
Which drug can be given for osteoporosis ?
Fosamax or alendronate
Oral increase bone mass
Contraindications of taking estrogen and progesterone
History of breast cancer
Thromboembolism
Endometrial disease
Osteomalacia (adult rickets)
Vit D deficiency, dietary malabsorption , impaired vit d synthesis , liver, renal, hypophosphatemia.
Looser’s zones
Osteomalacia
Rx for osteomalacia
1000 iu of weekly vit d for 4-6 weeks
Malignant tumors are
Poorly defined cortical breakthrough
Punched out lesions are seen in
Mm
Testing for multiple myeloma
Bence jones and serum protein electrophoresis
Codman’s triangle is seen also in
Osteomyelitis
Cumulative trauma is seen as an occupational hazard in?
Hairdressers, computer keyboard , heavy duty equipment users
Treatment for carpal tunnel
NSAIDS, brace, steroid injection, surgery
Test for carpel tunnel
Tinnel test, phalen test
Tinnels test
Tinel’s Sign
Tinel’s test is performed by tapping the median nerve along its course in the wrist. A positive test is found when this causes worsening of the tingling in the fingers when the nerve is tapped.
Phalen test
Phalen’s test is done by pushing the back of your hands together for one minute. This compresses the carpal tunnel and is also positive when it causes the same symptoms you have been experiencing with your carpal tunnel syndrom
Sub-acromial causes
Arthritis, anatomy, shape of bones
External factors, sports, work activity
