CLINICIAL MICRO

Question 1

two major areas in clinical microscopy

Answer 1

Urinalysis and Fecalysis

Question 2

examination of urine

Answer 2

Urinalysis

Question 3

Lab examinations of feces

Answer 3

fecalysis

Question 4

Used to chemicaly test urine

Answer 4

Reagent strip

Question 5

Duties or Test Performed under CM

Answer 5

Routine Urinalysis
Fecalysis
Urine: Beta-hcg testing

Question 6

tested in physical examination of urine

Answer 6

color and clarity

Question 7

tested in chemical examination of urine

Answer 7

11 parameters

Question 8

where are the kidneys located

Answer 8

posterior abdominal wall known as retroperitoneum

Question 9

The part that is tested in microscopic examination after urine is centrifuged

Answer 9

constituents

Question 10

The liquid part above a residue after a sample is centrifuged

Answer 10

supernatant

Question 11

detected in fecalysis

Answer 11

parasitic worms and ova and Fecal occult blood test

Question 12

what is examined in FOBT

Answer 12

Colorectal Cancer

Question 13

Beta-hcg meaning

Answer 13

Beta-human chrionic gonadotropin

Question 14

where is beta-hcg produced

Answer 14

placenta

Question 15

meaning of beta-hcg in urine

Answer 15

person in pregnant

Question 16

measurement of kidney

Answer 16

150g, 12.5 cm in length, 6cm in width, and 2.5 cm in depth

Question 17

functional unit of kidneys

Answer 17

nephrons

Question 18

how many nephrons are there in kidneys

Answer 18

1-1.5m

Question 19

Reasons for performing urinalysis

Answer 19

Diagnosis of disease
Screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorder
Monitoring the progress of disease
Monitoring the effectiveness of therapy

Question 20

Composition of urine

Answer 20

consists of urea and other chemicals dissolved in water

Question 21

Major organic solute in urine

Answer 21

urea (protein, amino acid breakdown), and creatinine and uric acid

Question 22

percent composition of urine

Answer 22

95% water and 5% solutes

Question 23

factors that may effect percent composition of urine

Answer 23

dietary intake, physical activity, body metabolism, and endocrine function

Question 24

most useful substance that identifies a fluid as urine

Answer 24

uniquely high creatine concentration

Question 25

term for urine that has not left the body yet

Answer 25

ultrafiltrate

Question 26

determined by body's state of hydration

Answer 26

urine volume

Question 27

normal urine output

Answer 27

1200-1500 ml 600-2000 ml is considered normal

Question 28

decrease in urine output

Answer 28

oliguria

Question 29

increase in urine output

Answer 29

polyuria

Question 30

no urine output

Answer 30

anuria

Question 31

increase urine output at night

Answer 31

nocturia

Question 32

Normal urine color

Answer 32

pale yellow- yellow - dark yellow

Question 33

yellow pigment in urine

Answer 33

urochrome

Question 34

abnormal urine color

Answer 34

red = rbc in blood black = malignant melanoma

Question 35

what are present when urine are turbid

Answer 35

RBC WBC bacteria abnormal crystals lymph fluids

Question 36

presence of rbc in blood

Answer 36

hematuria

Question 37

presence of wbc in blood

Answer 37

pyuria

Question 38

They produce casts

Answer 38

reticulo endothelial cells

Question 39

presence of casts in blood

Answer 39

cylinduria

Question 40

Epithelial cells

Answer 40

squamous, transitional, rte

Question 41

where are squamous epithelial cells found

Answer 41

lining of vagina, urethra

Question 42

where are transitional epithelial cells found

Answer 42

renal pelvis, calyces, ureters, bladder

Question 43

where are rte found

Answer 43

tubules of kidneys

Question 44

indicator of kidney disease or injury

Answer 44

RTE

Question 45

RTE with lipid

Answer 45

oval fat bodies

Question 46

most common parasite in urine

Answer 46

Trichomonas

Question 47

caused by trichomonas

Answer 47

strawberry cervix or ping pong disease, trichomonas vaginalis

Question 48

other elements that can be observed when examining urine under the microscope

Answer 48

bacteria, yeast, spermatozoa, mucus

Question 49

how are crystals in urine formed

Answer 49

precipitation of solutes

Question 50

what crystal signifies that px has gouty arthritis

Answer 50

uric acid crystal

Question 51

2 major brands of reagent strips

Answer 51

multistix and chemstrip

Question 52

Some of the laboratory methods in parasitology

Answer 52

baermann funnel bentonite flocculation test entero/string test FECT Formalin Ether Concentration technique Kato Katz knott's concentration test scotch tape swab