Clones and Stem Cells Flashcards
Define clones
genetically identical cells or organisms derived from one parent
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary Fission
What is the type of asexual reproduction in plants called when clones are produced?
Vegetative Propagation
How is DNA arranged in prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria)?
Single, naked (no histones) strand of DNA, may have some small DNA plasmids
What are the properties of cells that mitosis produces? What are these cells called?
Potentially capable of being any one of the different cell types in a fully grown organism: stem cells
Where are stem cells in humans and what do they become?
Bone marrow: cells can divide to produce all the blood and bone cell types
Where are meristems located in plants?
Root and shoot tips and a ring of tissue in the stem or trunk
How do yeast cells undergo cytokinesis?
Budding: small bud nips off of cell
Name for genetic information?
Genome
What are gametes?
Cells that contain half the number of adult chromosomes
What is a zygote?
Produced by the fusion of a male and female gamete, can divide by mitosis to grow into a new organism
How are gametes produced?
Meiosis, only takes place in sex organs/gonads
What is the name for normal adult cells containing 2 sets of chromosomes?
diploid
What are the daughter cells of meiosis (in relation to their genetic information)?
haploid
Why are haploid cells not genetically identical?
each pair of homologous chromosomes separates into haploid cells independently of all others
