Cloud

Question 1

Iaas

Answer 1

Infrastructure as a service is a cloud computing model that virtualizes computing resources over the internet. it offers infrastructure like virtual machines, storage, networks and servers for rent instead of buying the hardware yourself.

user manages: OS, application, data etc
provider manages, hardware, virtualization, storage, networking

Question 2

PaaS

Answer 2

Platform as a service is a cloud computing model that provides a platform for developing, testing and deploying applications without managing the backend infrastructure yourself. this can include databases or runtime environments.

user manages: application and data

provider manages: OS middleware, runtime, hardware and networking

Question 3

SaaS

Answer 3

Software as a service is a cloud computing model that delivers ready to use software applications over the internet. users access the software through a browser without worrying about installation, maintenance or infrastructure.

provider manages everything

Question 4

Advantages of IaaS

Answer 4

• Versioning
• Easy to collaborate on
• Easy to integrate in a CI setup
• Automate your deployment and recovery processes
• No physical changes are needed

Question 5

Elastic computing

Answer 5

Elastic computing is the ability to auto scale resources up or down depending on real time demand. this optimizes performance and cost by matching resource allocation to workload need.
- IaaS requires you to configure this manually with some help
- PaaS and SaaS are set up themselves behind the scenes

Question 6

Scalability

Answer 6

Ability of a system to handle increased workload by adding resources or reducing them when demand drops.

• vertical scaling: more powerful hardware (CPU, RAM)
• Horizontal scaling: more servers

Question 7

Auto-scaling

Answer 7

Auto scaling is a cloud feature that automatically adjusts the compute resources based on demand and efficiency

Question 8

load balancing

Answer 8

load balancing distributes traffic across multiple servers to ensure no server is overwhelmed

Question 9

PaaS with google app engine

Answer 9

Google app engine is a PaaS solution enabling developers to build applications whilst not having to manage the underlying infrastructure. allows many different programming languages.
offers:
- load balancing
- security
- autoscaling

Question 10

Google cloud functions

Answer 10

A serverless compute service that lets you run code in response to events. triggered by events and only required to pay for the time taken to run the code.

Question 11

Container computing

Answer 11

Container computing is a method of running software where apps and their dependencies are packaged into isolated units called containers

• they are lightweight
• unlike VMs, containers share host operating system (ran locally)
• popular container platform: docker

Question 12

Containers vs Virtual machines

Answer 12

VMs run full operating systems and virtualize hardware. this makes them slower to start. Containers share the host OS making them faster. VMs are ideal for isolated full stack systems. containers are better for microservices, scalability.

Question 13

Virtual machines

Answer 13

Virtual machine is a software based emulation of a physical computer. runs the operating system and apps but hosted on a server

example: google compute engine

Question 14

Virtualization

Answer 14

the process of creating virtual versions of physical hardware, such as servers, storage or networks.

Question 15

Which cloud model is compute engine?

Answer 15

IaaS

Question 16

Which cloud model is app engine?

Answer 16

PaaS

Question 17

Which cloud model is Kubernetes?

Answer 17

hybrid

Question 18

Three common use cases for cloud storage

Answer 18

• content storage and delivery
• storage for data analytics and general compute
• backup and archival storage

Question 19

For users with databases, there are two priorities when considering cloud

Answer 19

• migrate existing database to cloud, and move them to the right service
• innovate, build, or rebuild for the cloud, take advantage of mobile, and plan for future growth

Question 20

Structured storage

Answer 20

Data is organised, easy to search for, normally stored in tables, mainly used for databases using SQL

Question 21

Unstructured storage

Answer 21

Data lacks a fixed structure, harder to search for, stored in object storage e.g google cloud storage, examples are reviews or logs. Cloud storage is stored in buckets

Question 22

Relational storage

Answer 22

a type of structured storage where data is stored in schemas with defined data types and uses the relational database management system model

Question 23

Difference between cloud spanner (SQL) and other databases?

Answer 23

• familiar relational database structure
• Scales to very large databases
• strong external consistency
• reduces operational overheads

Question 24

Google Datastore use cases

Answer 24

• user profiles
• product catalogues
• recording transactions
• mobile games

Question 25

Virtual network

Answer 25

A virtual network is a software defined network that allows resources like VMs and containers to communicate securely with each other. exactly like a physical network only virtual. this allows VMs to have different IP addresses even though they are running on the same server.

Question 26

Virtual private cloud networks

Answer 26

A customizable virtual network within a public cloud that provides isolated networking for your cloud resources.

Question 27

virtual private network

Answer 27

A virtual private network is a secure, encrypted connection over the internet between 2 networks acting as a secure tunnel for your data to travel from your private network to another.

Question 28

Infrastructure as code

Answer 28

IaC is the process of managing cloud infrastructure using code

Question 29

Benefits of IaC

Answer 29

automation, version control, reduced human error

Question 30

IaC tools

Answer 30

Cloud deployment manager, Terraform

Question 31

Cloud compute services

Answer 31

Compute engine (IaaS) - VMs you manage App engine (PaaS) - Deploy code, no server management Cloud functions (FaaS) - event driven functions that auto scale Kubernetes - managed container orchestration platform

Question 32

What is serverless computing

Answer 32

A model where the cloud provider manages the infrastructure and developers focus only on the code that responds to events

Question 33

3 google cloud storage services and their use cases

Answer 33

Cloud storage:object storage Cloud SQL: structured relational data Cloud bigtable: NoSQL, unstructured or semi structured data

Question 34

High availability meaning?

Answer 34

the ability of a system to remain accessible and operational even during failures, typically through data replication across regions

Question 35

Virtualization approaches

Answer 35

Bare-metal: hypervisor runs directly on hardware (more efficient) Hosted: Hypervisor runs on existing OS (easier setup)

Question 36

Portable virtual machines

Answer 36

AVM image that can be moved or copied to different physical machines or cloud providers

Question 37

Container Vs VM

Answer 37

Container: lightweight, share OS, faster startup VM: full OS, isolated, more overhead

Question 38

What is docker?

Answer 38

A platform for developing, shipping and running applications in containers

Question 39

Key docker components?

Answer 39

Image: blueprint of a container container: running instance of an image Dockerfile: Script to build and image Dockerhub: repository for images