Cloud Native Concepts

Question 1

is a software application design approach that builds, deploys, and manages today’s applications in cloud computing environments. Additionally, these applications run in public, private, and hybrid clouds and incorporate features such as microservices, immutable infrastructure, containers, service meshes, and declarative application programming interfaces (APIs).

Answer 1

Cloud Native

Question 2

what are the key technologies of Docker?

Answer 2

Namespace, Cgroup and Union Filesystem.

Question 3

encapsulates the kernel resources so that each namespace has its own resources. In this way, resources for processes with different namespaces are isolated.

Answer 3

the namespace

Question 4

limits the resource usage (CPU, memory, block I/O, etc.) of a collection of process, isolating resources to prevent resource preemption and conflicts between containers.

Answer 4

cgroup

Question 5

a hierarchical, lightweight, and high - performance file system. It supports the overlay of file system modifications an one submission, which is the basis of container images.

Answer 5

union filesystem

Question 6

In Linux, the “________” refers to the core component of the operating system, acting as the primary interface between the computer’s hardware and the software applications running on it

Answer 6

kernel

Question 7

A ____________ image is a series of layered read-only files managed by the storage driver.

Answer 7

container

Question 8

____________is an intermediate communication component between dockerd and runc. Docker manages and operates containers through ___________.

Answer 8

containerd.

Question 9

______________ is a carrier for running containers. Each time a container is
started, a new ___________process is created.

Answer 9

Containerd-shim

Question 10

___________is a command-line tool used to run the OCI applications.

Answer 10

RunC

Question 11

True or false: Kata containers support OCI and Kubernetes CRI. They can also replace CRI shim runtime

Answer 11

True

Question 12

In Kubernetes, the _______ node installs kubelet on each worker node as the agent for managing the node.

Answer 12

master

Question 13

The ________________ provides computing resources when a container is running. Defines the interfaces of container and image services. Is responsible for the communication between kubelet and containers.

Answer 13

Container Runtime Interface.

Question 14

What guarantees that a pod replica runs on all or some nodes?

Answer 14

DaemonSet

Question 15

. A Deployment contains one or more different ____________.

Answer 15

ReplicaSets.

Question 16

_______________is a Kubernetes API object that ensures each pod has a persistent identity. It assigns a unique identifier, such as a persistent hostname and volume, to each pod which persists even if it is recreated.

Answer 16

StatefulSet

Question 17

_______________is a deployment strategy, using a Deployment controller to deploy applications that don’t store data or application state on the cluster or persistent storage, making them highly scalable.

Answer 17

Stateless set

Question 18

What does the ConfigMap do?

Answer 18

Stores the configurations requiredby applications in key-value pairs.

Question 19

Un pod no puede bajo ninguna circumstancia acceder al secret de otro pod.

Answer 19

Verdadero

Question 20

A través de qué Interfaz se maneja todo lo que tiene que ver con redes entre pods, clusters y nodos?

Answer 20

CNI - container network interface

Question 21

What can pods on the same node use to communicate with each other?

Answer 21

A linux bridge

Question 22

___________is a network planning service designed by the CoreOS team for Kubernetes.

Answer 22

Flannel

Question 23

_________ enable pod access.

Answer 23

Pod

Question 24

In a Kubernetes cluster, the service that the client needs to access is the _____________.

Answer 24

Service object.

Question 25

Each Service corresponds to a valid virtual IP address in the cluster. The cluster uses the __________to access a Service.

Answer 25

uses the virtual IP address to access a Service.

Question 26

Is a set of rules that allow access from outside the cluster to services within the cluster.

Answer 26

The Kubernetes Ingress

Question 27

___________ forward requests based on layer 4 - tcp y udp. ______________ can forward requests based on layer 7 https and http.

Answer 27

Services Ingress

Question 28

One of the most common ingress controller is:

Answer 28

NGINX ingress controller

Question 29

Kubernetes Container ____________ Interface connects you containers to various types of storage resources.

Answer 29

Storage

Question 30

What does the persistent volume do?

Answer 30

defines a directory for persistent storage on a host machine, for example, a mount directory of a file system.

Question 31

What does the PVC do?

Answer 31

Describes the attributes of the PV that a pod wants to use, such as the volume capacity and read/write permissions.

Question 32

Dynamic volume provisioning allows storage volumes to be created on-demand.The dynamic provisioning feature eliminates the need for cluster administrators to pre-provision storage. Instead, it automatically provisions storage when users create _____________________objects.

Answer 32

PersistentVolumeClaim

Question 33

provides two enhanced batch computing capabilities. One is advanced job management, such as task queuing, priority setting, eviction, backfilling, and starvation prevention. The other is intelligent scheduling, such as topology-aware affinity-based scheduling and dynamic driver-executor ratio adjustment. In addition, scheduling and distributed frameworks such as gang scheduling and PS- Worker are supported.

Answer 33

Volcano

Question 34

A cluster involves _____ network, _________ network and __________ network.

Answer 34

node, container, service

Question 35

Which network does this? assigns IP addresses to hosts (nodes) in the cluster.

Answer 35

Node network.

Question 36

Which network does this? each service has a fixed IP address.

Answer 36

service network

Question 37

Which network does this? assigns ip addresses to containers in the cluster.

Answer 37

container network

Question 38

True or false: In the Cloud Native Network 2.0 model, the container CIDR block and node CIDR block share the IP addresses in the same VPC. Therefore, you are advised not to set the container subnet and node subnet to the same.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

CCE supports the following container network models:

Answer 39

container tunnel network, VPC network, and Cloud Native Network 2.0.

Question 40

The Cloud Native Network 2.0 model is available only to:

Answer 40

CCE Turbo Clusters

Question 41

CCE provides an add-on named _________to serve as CSI. _________is a cloud native container storage system. Based on CSI, clusters can interconnect with Huawei Cloud storage services such as EVS, OBS, SFS, and SFS Turbo. _________is a system resource add-on. It is installed by default when a cluster of Kubernetes v1.15 or later is created.

Answer 41

everest

Question 42

In Huawei Cloud CCE, stateless applications run as _____________ and stateful applications run as _____________

Answer 42

Deployments StatefulSets

Question 43

CCI provides dedicated container instances, which run __________on high-performance physical servers, enabling VM-level security isolation without performance deterioration.

Answer 43

Kata containers

Question 44

_____________is a batch processing platform based on Kubernetes. It provides a series of features required by machine learning, deep learning, bioinformatics, genomics, and other big data applications, as a powerful supplement to Kubernetes capabilities.

Answer 44

Volcano

Question 45

________automatically deploys specified cloud service resources based on the template which uses the HCL (an open ecosystem) syntax.

Answer 45

RFS - Resource Formation Service

Question 46

____________It provides multi-cloud and hybrid cloud solutions for unified cluster management across clouds and unified deployment and traffic distribution of applications across clusters.

Answer 46

Multi-Cloud Container Platform

Question 47

It is a cloud native service lifecycle management platform for service providers and users: service development, release, subscription, deployment, upgrade, and update.

Answer 47

Operator Service Center (OSC)

Question 48

There are two serverless architectures:

Answer 48

FaaS and BaaS - Functions as a service and Backend as a service.