CLT 3370 Exam 1

Question 1

Divine myth

Answer 1

supernatural beings are main characters, takes place in the past before humans, explains why the world is the way it is

Question 2

Legends

Answer 2

human heroes are main characters, set in the human past, have some historical accuracy

Question 3

Folktales

Answer 3

ordinary people are main characters, so set chronology, used to justify or teach human behaviors

Question 4

Primal entities of the beginning of the universe

Answer 4

Gaia, Tartarus, Eros, Ouranos

Question 5

Monsters of the beginning of the universe

Answer 5

the Cyclopes, the Hecatonchires “hundred-handers”

Question 6

Cronos’s takeover

Answer 6

spurred by mother Gaia, Cronos cut Ouranos’s genitals off and threw them into the sea
made Aphrodite, the Giants, and the Furies

Question 7

Children of Cronos and Rheia

Answer 7

Hestia, Hera, Demeter, Poseidon, Hades, and Zeus

Question 8

Battles in the rise of the Olympians

Answer 8

Titanomachy- fought Titans, Cyclopes made thunderbolt/ Hecatonchires guard them in Tartarus
Typhoios- Zeus fought Typhos, trapped Typhos under Mt. Etna
Giantomachy- fought Giants, Olympians won with Hercules’s help

Question 9

Key rivers in the underworld

Answer 9

River Styx, River Acheron

Question 10

Key figures in underworld stories

Answer 10

Hermes- to get there/ back
Charon- boatman
Cerberus- three-headed dog

Question 11

Permanent residents of the underworld

Answer 11

Tantalus- food and water just out of reach
Sisyphus- boulder
Ixion- spins on wheel of fire

Question 12

Who wrote the Theogony/ why was it important?

Answer 12

Hesiod
Oldest source on the beginnings of universe, also gave the origin of mortals from his poem “Works and Days”

Question 13

Who wrote the Homeric Hymns/ why was it important?

Answer 13

Anonymous authors, hymns written in the style of Homer
Give an idea of how ancient Greeks felt about the Gods, tells of the deities’ accomplishments

Question 14

Who wrote the Bacchae/ why was it important?

Answer 14

Euripides
best ancient source about Dionysus, moral is about the importance of worshipping him

Question 15

Who was Sappho and what are they known for?

Answer 15

Lyric poet, wrote about F/F love and relationships, born in Lesbos, modern associations with term ‘lesbian’

Question 16

Who wrote Metamorphoses/ why was it important?

Answer 16

Ovid
wrote down myths about transformation

Question 17

God: Zeus
Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 17

thunderbolt, the bull, the eagle
the sky, weather, law, customs, the marketplace, freedom
Hidden by mother Rheia from Cronos (ate a rock) until old enough to defeat his father
Rheia and Cronos

Question 18

God: Zeus
Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 18

N/A
The Olympics
Zeus and Io

Question 19

God: Hera
Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 19

modest dress/ veil, diadem, scepter, cows, appears as an older woman
marriage, married women, women’s fertility, the family
eaten by Cronos/ later vomited up
Rheia and Cronos

Question 20

God: Hera
Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 20

Argos
N/A
Hera seduced by Zeus

Question 21

God: Poseidon
Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 21

trident, sea-related images, horses
the sea, horses, natural disasters
eaten by Cronos/ later vomited up
Rheia and Cronos

Question 22

God: Poseidon
Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 22

Isthmia
Isthmian games
Fight for Athens, saltwater spring v olive tree

Question 23

God: Apollo
Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 23

musical instruments/ the lyre, depicted as a young male without a beard
plagues, healing, music, the arts, prophecy
born on Delos after his mom, Leto, walked to the wandering islands after being cursed by Hera
Leto and Zeus

Question 24

God: Apollo
Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 24

Delphi
N/A
Artemis, Apollo, and Niobe

Question 25

God: Hermes Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 25

winged sandals, wide-brimmed hat, the ram, a purse/ bag, caduceus (staff with two snakes) travelers, thieves, merchants, messengers, boundaries, luck N/A Zeus and Maia (nymph)

Question 26

God: Hermes Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 26

worshipped by travelers at herms (boundary/ distance markers) N/A Hermes, Apollo, and the Lyre

Question 27

God: Hephaestus Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 27

hammer, pair of tongs, donkey, lame foot fire, metal smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, sculpture N/A Hera and Zeus or just Hera

Question 28

God: Hephaestus Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 28

Athens N/A Trapping Hera in the Golden Throne

Question 29

God: Ares Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 29

shield, spear, sword, helmet war, bold force, blood lust, courage, strength N/A Zeus and Hera

Question 30

God: Ares Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 30

N/A N/A Ares's Affair with Aphrodite and the Golden Net

Question 31

God: Dionysus Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 31

staff with flowers, leopard skin, wine, depicted with his followers wine, ecstasy, fertility, theatre while pregnant by Zeus, Semele asked to see Zeus’s true/ god form which burnt her alive/ Zeus sewed fetus Dionysus into his thigh until he came to term Zeus and Semele

Question 32

God: Dionysus Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 32

N/A N/A Midas and the Golden Touch, the Bacchae (main character is ripped apart by his mother while she was possessed by Dionysus)

Question 33

God: Aphrodite Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 33

dove, apple, seashell, mirror, Eros as a companion, depicted as a young woman, often nude erotic love, beauty born from Ouranos’s discarded genitals Ouranos and sea foam

Question 34

God: Aphrodite Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 34

N/A N/A Aphrodite and Anchises

Question 35

God: Artemis Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 35

bow and arrow, deer, depicted as a young woman in a short skirt hunt, wilderness, childbirth, women, phases of a woman’s life born on Ortygia after her mom, Leto, walked to the wandering islands after being cursed by Hera Leto and Zeus

Question 36

God: Artemis Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 36

Bauron Bauronian festival Artemis and Callisto- became a bear, Ursa Major

Question 37

God: Athena Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 37

owl, olive tree, armor, spear and shield, aegis (goat skin with snake tassels) cities, arts, handicrafts, weaving, war, wisdom born of Zeus’s headache Zeus (and sort of Metis)

Question 38

God: Athena Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 38

Athens Panathenia in Athens Athena and Arachne

Question 39

God: Demeter Symbols, Attributes, Birth story, Parents

Answer 39

diadem, wheat, cornucopia, torch, depicted as an older woman grain, agriculture, harvest eaten by Cronos/ later vomited up Rheia and Cronos

Question 40

God: Demeter Place of worship, Festivals, Myth

Answer 40

Eleusis Maybe the Eleusinian Mysteries Hades and Persephone