CLUSTER I Flashcards by MA. ANNE JARDINIANO

found in the outermost shell, unstable, easily attract to other elements and has ability to be combined with other chemicals

valence

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other name of amber

electron

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electric current is also referred to as

electricity

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flow of electrons

electricity

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measures electric current

ammeter

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it momentarily stores electric charge

capacitor

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electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit

resistor

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serves as support for the xray tube and protects it from rough handling and other possible damages

tube housing

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discovered the dynamo

Michael Faraday

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discovered the fluoroscopy

Thomas Edison

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same atomic mass number but different atomic and neutron number

isobar

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same proton, same element, different mass

isotopes

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same neutrons

isotone

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how many dps is equivalent to 1Ci

3.7 x 10^10 dps

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half life that represents the time needed by RAM to reduce its quantity into half inside a living body

biological half life

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fraction of original number atom that disintegrates per unit time

decay constant

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I131 radioactive half life is equivalent to

8 days

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kind of force of nature which is responsible in holding the nucleons together in nucleus

strong nuclear force

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weakest force, holding the planets

gravitational force

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mode of decay that is considered equivalent to helium nucleus

alpha emission

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how many ergs/gram in 1rad

100 ergs/gram

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unit of dose equivalent

sievert

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amount of radiation transferred per unit mass of interacting medium

absorbed dose

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leakage radiation must not exceed how many milliroentgens per hour at one meter

100

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difference between gamma rays and xrays

origin

energy acquired by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt

electron volt

not particulate type of radiation

gamma ray

only nuclear electromagnetic radiation

gamma ray

person responsible for the present model of an atom

Neils Bohr

distance between one crest to another or from one valley to another

wavelength

time it take to complete a cycle

period

referred to as one half the range from crest to valley

amplitude

the ionization of xray and gamma ray photon in air

exposure

attenuation is the product of scattering and __

absorption

transition of an outer orbital electron to an inner orbital shell produces

characteristic xray

LET is measured in __

keV or micrometer

it is referred to as the number of ion pairs produced per unit path length

specific ionization

the energy possessed by objects in motion which is also possessed by particulate radiation

kinetic radiation

minimum energy required to produce an ion pair in gas

34 eV

the material of choice for construction of a long lasting filament

how much energy is required to ionize tungsten atom

69.5 keV

allows electron flow in one direction

diode

type of timer used for exposure shorter than 1/20s

synchronous timer

extremely powerful electromagnet

alnico

most advance type of transformer

shell type

tube window provides an inherent filtration that is equivalent to how many mm

0.5mm

fills up the space between the metal housing and the tube insert

mineral oil

emission of electron happened in the filament

thermionic emission

define as the coil to which the supply is connected

primary coil

indicates the maximum kVp and mA values that can be used for a given period of time for single exposure

instantanous loading chart

provides the necessary energy high voltage needed by the xray tube in accelerating electron emitted by the filament

high voltage transformer

special unit of exposure

roentgen

has no scattered xray

photoelectric effect

provides electric potential

battery

it consists simply of two insulated coils lying side by side

air core transformer

it provides continuous path for magnetic flux

closed core transformer

discovered direct current

Michael Faraday

commonly used as tube insert

glass envelope or pyrex glass

it refers to the partial absorption of energy

attenuation

the removal or addition of an electron from an atom

ionization

nuclides of the same element are called

isotopes

these are the energy disturbances through space at the speed of light

photons

also refer as quantum, discrete bundles of energy

photons

most common material used as added filtration

aluminum

preferred element used as a target in the xray tube

tungsten

a type of radiation that is most harmful internally

alpha

the least penetrating kind of radiation

alpha

the particles inside the nucleus are collectively called

nucleons

the energy of EMR is inversely proportional to the

wavelength

energy of EMR is directly proportional to the

frequency

the velocity of electromagnetic radiation

equals to the speed of light

special unit of wavelength for EMR is

the special unit of energy in radiology

the special unit used for equivalent dose

rem

the special unit used for absorbed dose

rad

the special unit for radioactivity

becquerel

percentage of the number of atoms decaying per unit time

decay disintegration

time rate of radioactive decay

radioactivity

radiation quantity used to measure the amount of radiation received by radiation worker

equivalent dose

process where an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits radiation stable state

RA transformation

beta particles have an atomic number

-1

maximum number of electrons in N-shell

refers to particles that have lower range

alpha

thickness of material required to reduce the intensity of the beam to half original value

half value layer

transition of an outer orbital electron to an inner orbital shell produces

characteristic xray

energy absorbed by the interacting medium from the ionizing radiation

LET

purpose is to absorb soft xrays and improve the quality of xray beam

filter

mass of electron in pair production

0.511 MeV

energy required for an incident photon to undergo pair production

1.022 MeV

each annihilation photon have energies

0.511 MeV

removal of an orbital electron by a characteristic radiation

auger process

electron removed by a gamma ray within the same atom

conversion electron

xray interaction which results to the production of heat

excitation

a process where positron unites with a free e- and their mass is converted in energy

annihilation

mode of interaction wherein an electron is ejected and the photon changes direction

compton effect

interaction where xrays are absorbed by the interacting medium

photoelectric effect

interaction only occurs when energy of the incident xray is greater than 10MeV

photodisintegration

ionization occurs

compton scattering

does not produce scattered xrays

photoelectric effect

increases patient dose

photoelectric effect

one disintegration per second of activity is equal to

1 Bq

CLUSTER I Flashcards

(101 cards)