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AUBF CIULLA > CM > Flashcards

CM Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Practice of examining urine for diagnostic purposes

A

Urinalysis

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2
Q

Urine organic substances

A

Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
Glucose
Proteins
Hormones
Vitamins
Metabolized medications

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3
Q

Urine inorganic substances

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Phosphate
Ammonium
Calcium
Magnesium

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4
Q

Nondissolved substances in urine

A

Bacteria
Crystals
Casts
Mucus
Various cells

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5
Q

Two bean shaped organs located under the diaphragm on either side of the aorta, in the posterior, upper abdominal region

A

Kidney

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6
Q

Muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureter

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7
Q

Urine is stored in the ____ until excretion through the ____

A

Bladder; urethra

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8
Q

Cavity area that is an expansion of the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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9
Q

Functions to collect urine from the calyces for transport from the kidney to the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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10
Q

Two regions of kidney

A

Cortex and medulla

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11
Q

Region of the kidney that is comprised of the renal corpuscles and the PCT & DCT of the nephron

A

Cortex

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12
Q

Region of the kidney that is comprised of the Loops of Henle and the collecting tubule

A

Medulla

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13
Q

Functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

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14
Q

Tuft of capillaries that lie in a tubular depression called Bowman’s capsule.

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

Carries blood into the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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16
Q

Carries blood away the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

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17
Q

Main function of this is to filter the blood

A

Glomerulus

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18
Q

In order to for, and excrete urine, three processes function together

A

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption ajd tubular secretion

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19
Q

Process by which filtered water, ions and molecules leave the tubules for return to the blood via the peritubular capillaries

A

Reabsorption

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20
Q

The process by which a substance from the blood is transported across the wall of the tubule into the filtrate

A

Secretion

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21
Q

Responsible for most of the reabsorption and secretion that occurs in the tubules

A

Proximal convuluted tubule

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22
Q

Limitation as to how much solute can be reabsorbed

A

Renal threshold

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23
Q

Renal threshold

A

160-180 mg/dL

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24
Q

Part of LOG that reabsorbs water

A

Descending LOH

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25
Part of LOH that reabsorbs Na and Cl
Ascending LOH
26
Reabsorption of water is controlled by
Antidiuretic hormone
27
Reabsorption of sodium and water and secretion of potassium and hydrogen
Aldosterone
28
Final site for water reabsorption to make urine more dilute
Collecting duct
29
Catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Renin
30
Stimulates the production of angiotensin II
Angiotensin I
31
Angiotensin II regulates renal blood by
Constriction of renal arterioles Secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal glands to facilitate retention of sodium
32
Where renin is secreted
Juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys
33
Acts on the kidneys by promoting the reabsorption of Na+ from the filtrate into the blood ans secretion of K into the filtrate
Aldosterone
34
Promotes water reabsorption from the filtrate into the blood
Antidiuretic hormone
35
Primarily affects the reabsorption of water from the DCT and CD
Antidiuretic hormone
36
Promotes Ca+ reabsorption from the filtrate into the blood and excretion of phosphate ion from the blood into the filtrate
Parathyroid hormone
37
Inflammation of the glomerulus seen in children and young adults; characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, WBCs and casts
Acute glomerulonephritis
38
More serious acute glomerulonephritis that may result in renal failure
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
39
Inflammation of the renal interstitium that may be caused by an allergic reaction to medication; characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, WBCS (eosinophil) and WBC casts
Acute interstitial nephritis
40
Thickening of the glomerular capillary walls and basement membrane; characterized by hematuria and proteinuria
Membranous glomerulonephritis
41
May be caused by renal blood pressure irregularities; characterized by proteinuria (>3.5g/24hr), hematuria, lipiduria, oval fat bodies, renal tubular EC, and epithelial, fatty and waxy casts
Nephrotic syndrome
42
Affects a specific number of glomeruli, not the entire glomerulus; often seen in HIV patients
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
43
Results in a long term progressive loss of renal function
Chronic glomerulonephritis
44
Another name for Chronic glomerulonephritis
Berger disease
45
An infection of the renal tubules caused by a urinary tract infection; characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, WBCs, bacteria, and WBC and bacterial casts
Acute pyelonephritis
46
Chronic infection of the tubules and interstitial tissue that may progress to renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
47
Tubular necrosis caused by nephrotic agents and other disease processes, resulting in a failure of the kidneys to filter blood
Renal failure
48
What are the Renal tubular reabsorption tests
Osmolality Specific gravity Osmolar/ free water clearance
49
Tests used to detect early renal disease
Renal tubular reabsorption tests or Concentration tests
50
Measures the amount of solute dissolved in a solution
Osmosis
51
Depends on the solute dissolved in a solution and the density of this solute
Specific gravity
52
Evaluate renal concentrating ability, monitor the course of renal disease and monitor fluid and electrolyte therapy
Osmalality and Specific Gravity
53
Used in the diagnosis of various types of diabetes mellitus;measures renal clearance of solutes and substance free water
Osmolar/ Free water clearance
54
What are the secretion tests
Tubular secretion or renal blood flow test
55
What is used in renal blood flow test
P-aminohippuric acid
56
Used to assess renal waste removal and solute reabsorbing abilities
Glomerular test
57
Decreased clearance test indicates what
Compromised kidney function
58
Another term for glomerular test
Clearance test
59
Used to assess glomerular filtration rate
Creatinine
60
Specimen of choice for creatinine clearance
24-hr timed urine
61
Reference ranges of creatinine clearance for male and female
Males: 105+-20mL/min 1.73m2 Females: 95+-mL/min 1.73m2
62
Clearance test that uses only a blood creatinine and the MDRD formula
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
63
What are the MDRD
Correction for gender and race Results only reported as a number if <60mL/min/1.73m2

AUBF CIULLA (1 decks)

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