CM

Question 1

1. Total renal BLOOD flow
2. Total renal PLASMA flow

Answer 1

1. 1,200 ml/min
2. 600-700 ml/min

Question 2

renal threshold for glucose

Answer 2

160-180 mg/dl

Question 3

1. Regulates water reabsorption in dct and cd
2. Dse under dis hormone

Answer 3

1. ADH/Vasopressin
2. DI (adh deficiency), SIADH (adh excess)

Hydraed = Dec. adh
Dehydrated = Inc. adh

Question 4

Regulates **sodium ** reabsorption in dct

Answer 4

Aldosterone

Question 5

Process

Angiotensinogen > renin > angio I > ace > angio II - effects?

Answer 5

1. Inc. na and water reabsorption
2. vasoconstriction (inc. blood flow)
3. correct renal blood flow

JG cells - prod. renin
Macula densa - detects dec. in bp

Question 6

Functions:
* regulates acid-base bal. thru hydrogen secretion (ammonium (nh4), dihydrogen phosphate (h2po4)
* eliminates waste prod not filtered by glomerulus

Answer 6

tubular secretion

renal tubular acidosis - failed prod of acid in urine due to inability to secrete hydrogen ions

Question 7

1. Evaluate glomerular filtration - able to remove filterable substance from blood
2. Most common
3. Gold std
4. Marker - renal tubular function

Answer 7

1. Clearance
2. Creatinine
3. Insulin
4. Beta-microglobulin

Question 8

1. Detect and monitor kidney dse
2. Dis mtd developed by

Answer 8

1. eGFR
2. cockgroft and gault

modification of diet in renal dse - Isotope dilution mass spectrophotometry (mdrd-idms) - reco. by National kidney dse education program

Question 9

1. Evaluate tubular reabsorption
   test:
2. use number and density of particles in soln
3. use number of particles in soln

Answer 9

1. Concentration
2. SG
3. Osmolality (preferred)

Obsolete
1. Fishberg
2. Mosenthal

Question 10

Test for both secretion and renal blood flow - most commonly use; reference mtd

Answer 10

p-aminohippuric acid (pah)

Obsolete
* penlsulfonpthalein (psp)

Question 11

1. First illustrated medical book printed - urine wheel
2. Blood
3. Yellow bile
4. Phlegm
5. Black bile

Answer 11

1. Johannes de kethams fasciculus medicinae 1491
2. sanguineous
3. choleric
4. phlegmatic
5. melancholic

Question 12

Albuminuria - boiling water

Answer 12

Frederik dekkers

Question 13

Uroscopy, Sputum exam

Answer 13

Hippocrates

Question 14

Book - pisse prophets

Answer 14

thomas bryant

Question 15

urine sediment

Answer 15

thomas addis

addis count

Question 16

UA - doctor’s routine exam

Answer 16

richard bright

Question 17

urochrome

Answer 17

ludwig thudichum

Question 18

CFS

Answer 18

domenico cotugno

Question 19

phenylketonuria

Answer 19

ivan folling

Question 20

alkaptonuria

Answer 20

archibald garrod

Question 21

Orthostatic/cylic proteinuria

Answer 21

frederich willian pavy

Question 22

cystine calculi

Answer 22

willian wollaston

Question 23

1. Organic compound of urine
2. Inorganic

Answer 23

1. Urea > Crea
2. Cl > Na > K > NaCl (principal salt)

60g = 24 hrs

Question 24

Collection

Cytology
1. Ideal
2. Preferred

Answer 24

1. Random
2. 1st morning

Question 25

# Collection Diabetes 1. Screen/Monitor 2. Diagnosis

Answer 25

1. 2hr post prandial 2. Fractional specimen (2 - series)

Question 26

# Collection Glucose 1. Determination 2. Screen

Answer 26

1. 2nd morning 2. 2hr post prandial

Question 27

# Collection Prostatic infection

Answer 27

1. 3 glass tech 2. Stamey-Meares (4 glass) ## Footnote Prostatitis

Question 28

# Collection Orthostatic proteinuria

Answer 28

1st morning

Question 29

addis ct

Answer 29

12 hr urine

Question 30

Nitrite/1st morning detr.

Answer 30

4 hrs ## Footnote Urine stayed 4 hrs before voiding

Question 31

Urobilinogen

Answer 31

afternoon 2-4pm

Question 32

adultered specimen

Answer 32

pH >9 SG < 1.005 ## Footnote Blueing agent -added to toilet water, avoid adulteration

Question 33

Least affected in unpreserved urine

Answer 33

Protein ## Footnote Dec rbc/wbc - disintigrate in dilute alkaline urine

Question 34

# Preservative * Precipitates amorphous phosphates and urates * For ua, culture (inhibits bacterial growth 24hrs)

Answer 34

Refrigeration ## Footnote Gray C & S tube - 48hrs inhibit bacterial growth

Question 35

# Preservative * Preserves protein * Bacteriostatic * 5-hiaa * Culture transport

Answer 35

Boric acid

Question 36

Sediment preservative thus, addis ct

Answer 36

Formalin

Question 37

* Floats and clings preservative * Best all around preservative

Answer 37

Toluene

Question 38

# Preservative 1. Prevents glycolysis but it inhibits strips 2. Alternative

Answer 38

1. Sodium flouride 2. Sodium benzoate ## Footnote *drug analysis*

Question 39

Refrigeration is not possible

Answer 39

Tablet

Question 40

Preservative - odor change

Answer 40

Phenol

Question 41

# Preserative * Preserves cellular elements * For cytology studies

Answer 41

Saccomanno fixative ## Footnote 50% ethanol + 2% carbowax

Question 42

Brown black urine

Answer 42

1. Methemoglobin 2. Homogentisic acid - alkaptunuria 3. melanin - air exposure 4. fava beans - cola

Question 43

purple urine

Answer 43

indican - kleb. and providencia

Question 44

green urine

Answer 44

* pseudomonas * phenol

Question 45

blue green urine

Answer 45

* phenol * blue diaper syndrome - hartnup dse

Question 46

1. tea colored urine w/ yellow foam 2. orange, viscous w/ yellow foam 3. organge yellow no yellow foam

Answer 46

1. bilirubin 2. phenazopyridine 3. urobilin

Question 47

Soluble w/ heat ## Footnote Acidic

Answer 47

* Amorphose urates * uric acid

Question 48

Soluble - Dilute acetic acid ## Footnote Alkaline

Answer 48

* rbc * amorphose phosphates * carbs ## Footnote Insoluble * livings: bacteria, yeast, spermatozoa * wbc