CM 401/501: Units 1, 2, & 3

Question 1

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 1

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, & Subscapularis

Question 2

Difficulty with shrugging the shoulders, retracting the scapula, flexing the neck unilaterally, rotating the head, and bringing the chin to the chest would imply a lesion of which cranial nerve?

Answer 2

Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

Question 3

The digastric and mylohyoid muscles raises the hyoid bone during swallowing. Which muscle depresses the hyoid after swallowing?

Answer 3

Sternohyoid

Question 4

What cranial nerve innervates the hyoglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus?

Answer 4

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

Question 5

The deltoid muscle is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 5

Axillary

Question 6

What muscles comprise the erector spinae muscle group?

Answer 6

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Question 7

What bone is the thigh bone connected to?

Answer 7

The hip bone 😆

Question 8

The axillary vein receives blood from which three branches?

Answer 8

The cephalic, basilic, and brachial veins

Question 9

The brachial plexus roots originate at what spinal cord levels?

Answer 9

C5-T1

Question 10

Difficulty flexing the forearm at the elbow from the anatomical position or flexing/adducting the arm at the shoulder would imply damage to which nerve?

Answer 10

The musculocutaneous nerve (which innovates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis)

Question 11

Which three structures comprise the unhappy triad of the knee?

Answer 11

The anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Question 12

The sciatic nerve gives rise to which immediately distal nerves?

Answer 12

The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 13

The lumbar plexus originates from what spinal cord levels?

Answer 13

T12-L5

Question 14

What four muscles make up the quadriceps

Answer 14

The rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis

Question 15

What prominent action with hip articulation would be deficient if a person had a serious obturator nerve lesion?

Answer 15

Hip adduction

Question 16

The tensor fasciae latae is connected to the tibia by what long tendon?

Answer 16

The iliotibial tract (IT band)

Question 17

The great cardiac vein empties blood into what vessel before it reaches the right atrium?

Answer 17

The coronary sinus

Question 18

Damage or suppression of the phrenic never will manifest in what clinical finding?

Answer 18

Difficulty breathing due to a compromised innervation of the diaphragm

Question 19

What vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 19

The pulmonary vein

Question 20

What artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 20

The pulmonary artery

Question 21

An acute blockage of which coronary artery will result in an infarct impacting the anterior 2/3 of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum?

Answer 21

The left anterior descending artery (or anterior interventricular artery). A blockage here is often referred to as the “widowmaker.”

Question 22

Which coronary artery is associated with supplying the sinoatrial node?

Answer 22

The right coronary artery

Question 23

The right and left coronary arteries branch from the root of which major artery?

Answer 23

The aorta

Question 24

What should happen to the foramen ovale after the neonate takes their first breaths?

Answer 24

It closes shut due to rising pressure on the left side of the heart compared to the right. It should remain shut unless there is a pathology

Question 25

What becomes of the ductus arteriosus in a newborn?

Answer 25

As shunting of the cardiopulmonary blood ceases, it becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 26

What regulates the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum?

Answer 26

The pyloric sphincter

Question 27

What structure forms from the joining of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct?

Answer 27

The common bile duct

Question 28

Blood from the gut is carried by which major vessel to the liver where it is filtered?

Answer 28

The hepatic portal vein

Question 29

Urine formed in the kidney collects in the bladder via what duct?

Answer 29

The ureter

Question 30

Which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor functions?

Answer 30

The trigeminal (CN V), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and vagus (CN X)

Question 31

Which two cranial nerves enter the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 31

The facial (CN VII) and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves

Question 32

What nerve structure originates from the fibers of the first three cervical nerves (C1-C3) and supplies the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 32

The ansa cervicalis

Question 33

Difficulty/inability to protrude, depress, and retract the tongue and elevate the sides of the tongue indicates damage to which cranial nerve?

Answer 33

The hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve

Question 34

An individual with a right eye that deviates upward and rotates outward in the resting position likely has a palsy of which nerve?

Answer 34

The trochlear (CN IV) nerve

Question 35

A man at bat in a baseball game receives a fastball to the side of his head and immediately passes out. He quickly regains consciousness and is taken to the team doctor for a concussion evaluation. Why would the team doctor elect to send this player to the emergency room immediately?

Answer 35

The pterion is located on the lateral skull and is vulnerable to fractures due to the confluence of sutures. The middle meningeal artery is situated behind the pterion and an injury to this arterial may provoke an epidural hematoma.

Question 36

What vessel is associated with clinically significant nosebleeds?

Answer 36

The sphenopalatine artery

Question 37

True or False: The cerebral venous system has valves to maintain the forward flow of blood toward the superior vena cava

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Parasympathetic stimulation of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) will produce what effect?

Answer 38

Pupil constriction and ciliary muscle contraction which allows the lens's curvature to change

Question 39

What structure in the laryngopharynx protects the opening to the larynx and contains cartilage?

Answer 39

The epiglottis

Question 40

Tears moving through the nasolacrimal duct will drain into what cavity?

Answer 40

The nasal cavity

Question 41

Balance and spatial awareness are maintained through the work of CN VIII and what tubular structures?

Answer 41

The semicircular canals