CMT Module 1

Question 1

commercial testing

Answer 1

materials are already existing. The type of test has already been specified. The objective of this is to determine if these materials comply with the given technical specifications and will fall within the required parameters.

Question 2

scientific testing

Answer 2

materials are tested to obtain their vital and beneficial properties and determine how it can be advantageous in building a certain structure.

Question 3

materials research

Answer 3

from the word itself, researches are being conducted for existing equipment to have better understanding of its usage. For new materials, properties are being analyzed. Also, quality standards and procedures are being developed.

Question 4

Experimental/Experimentation

Answer 4

this is when the result is uncertain that new insight are to be gained

Question 5

Testing

Answer 5

this is more defined procedure which are the limits and results are clear

Question 6

Destructive Testing

Answer 6

materials are being tested up to its breaking point or until the material fails. It is said that this testing procedure is much easier to conduct because it results to more information regarding the material properties.

Question 7

Non-Destructive Testing

Answer 7

this is the exact opposite of destructive testing. It is commonly used when the materials to be tested are still in service.

Question 8

Precision

Answer 8

tells how close the measurements are to each other. For example, if you measure a certain object repeatedly and the numbers you have obtained are very close or almost the same to each other, then it can be considered as precise.

Question 9

Accuracy

Answer 9

tells how close the measurement is to its true value. For example, your actual height is 5’0”. When you used a tape measure to know your height and the value you get is also 5’0”, then you can consider this as accurate.

Question 10

Specification

Answer 10

a precise statement of a set of requirements, to be satisfied by a material, product, system or service. It is desirable that the requirements, together with their limits, should be expressed numerically in appropriate units.

Question 11

standard specification

Answer 11

for a material is the result of agreement between those concerned in a particular field and involves acceptance for use by participating agencies.

Question 12

Standardizing Agencies and Relevant Standards

Answer 12

Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
International Standards Organization (ISO)
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

Question 13

Linear Traverse Machine

Answer 13

When mixing concrete, air voids commonly occur. This equipment facilitates the counting of voids in concrete.

Question 14

Compression Machines

Answer 14

This equipment is used to test the behavior of a concrete sample while compressive loads are being applied on it. Some of the results obtained are its compressive strength, yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic limit, etc.

Question 15

Slump Test Equipment

Answer 15

This equipment is used to measure the consistency of the concrete before it sets. The workability of the concrete can also be determined through this test. An improperly mixed batch can be known with this procedure.

Question 16

Sieve Shaker

Answer 16

This equipment is used to analyze the particles of sample aggregates as it is sifted according to its sizes.

Question 17

Liquid Limit Testing Equipment

Answer 17

This equipment determines the water content at which soil changes from a liquid to a plastic state.

Question 18

Plastic Limit Testing Equipment

Answer 18

This equipment determines the water content at which soil changes from a plastic to a semi-solid state.

Question 19

Shrinkage Limit Testing Equipment

Answer 19

This equipment is used to indicate how much moisture will be lost before the sample undergoes significant volume change.

Question 20

Types of Buildings for Building Construction

Answer 20

Residential Buildings
Commercial Buildings
Civil Buildings
Educational Buildings
Religious Buildings
Agricultural Buildings

Question 21

Types of Buildings for Heavy or Infrastructure Construction

Answer 21

Highways
Bridges
Canals
Dams
Subways
Tunnels
Utility Piping System
Water Control Construction
Communication networks

Question 22

Industrial Construction

Answer 22

It refers to the building of large scale manufacturing, processing and chemical plants or utility generation installations.

Question 23

CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS (CD)

Answer 23

Construction Drawings

Construction Specifications (Master Format)

Question 24

Construction Drawings

Answer 24

Sometimes referred to as working drawings, shows the dimensional relationships between all aspects of the building: their form, sizes, and quantities.
These drawings, usually computer generated, with dimensions, indicating the physical relationship between components – their location, range, the materials used, and their colors and texture.
The drawing are the basis on which the contractor generates cost estimates and are used to guide the actual construction of the building on the site.

Question 25

Construction Specifications

Answer 25

The construction documents include a written manual called specification. Specification describe in writing more detailed information on the exact types of materials to be used and the ways in which construction processes are conducted. These are written using master format.

Question 26

Master Format

Answer 26

It provides a standard for writing specifications using a system of descriptive titles and numbers to organize construction activities, products, and requirements into a standard order. The numbers and titles in master format are divided in to fifty groupings called division.

Question 27

Divisions:

Answer 27

* Division 0- Procurement and contracting requirements * Division 1- describes the general requirements of the contract, outlining administrative methods for a construction project, such as project management procedures and construction facilities and controls. * Divisions 2 to 19 – deals mainly with the materials in construction for buildings. It is the Facility Construction Subgroup. * Divisions 20 to 29 – cover mechanical, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, and communication equipment. These are the Facility Services Subgroup. * Divisions 30 to 39 – concerned with earthworks, transportation, and marine construction topics. These are * While Division 40-49, the final sub group deals, with larger industrial process. It is the Process Equipment Subgroup

Question 28

PROJECT DELIVERY PROCESS

Answer 28

Governs the condition under which construction project will be completed and defines the relationship between the owner, architect, or firm and contractor

Question 29

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS

Answer 29

GENERAL CONTRACTORS SUPERINTENDENT SUBCONTRACTORS SPECIALTY CONTRACTORS

Question 30

GENERAL CONTRACTORS

Answer 30

Assume the responsibility for the construction of an entire project at a specific cost and by specific date. Responsible for the developing project schedules and sequencing and coordinating the work of all subcontractors Determines the actual methods and techniques of construction as well as implementing safety precautions on the building site Signs contract with subcontractors

Question 31

SUPERINTENDENT

Answer 31

General contractor’s on-site representative responsible for continuous field supervision, coordination, and completion of work Makes sure that the work proceeds according to the project schedule and that the activities of the various subcontractors working on the site will not interfere with one another

Question 32

SUBCONTRACTORS

Answer 32

Who perform the required work within their technical areas, such as all the electrical, plumbing, roofing, bricklaying, carpentry or concrete Work independently on site, bringing their own employees, supervisors, and tools for the job

Question 33

SPECIALTY CONTRACTORS

Answer 33

Do the work required in a limited area, like elevator or communication equipment installation for instance

Question 34

3 Types of Bidding

Answer 34

COMPETITIVE BIDDING - or publicly financed projects construction contractors; qualified construction contractors INVITATIONAL BIDDING - for privately funded projects; preselected contractors NEGOTIATED CONTRACT - An owner may decide on a contractor with whom they have worked on previous projects without seeking other bids

Question 35

PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS

Answer 35

A project delivery method determines how a construction project will be completed, delegates the responsibilities, rewards, and risk between participants, and regulates the relationship between the owner and the contractor.

Question 36

3 COMMON TYPES OF CONTRACT

Answer 36

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT The owner may hire a construction manager to provide input during the design phase and oversight and administration of bidding and construction phase. DESIGN-BID-BUILD It is the traditional method of project delivery that moves sequentially from conception of a project through its construction. Generally it has the lowest construction cost. DESIGN-BUILD In this contracting method, the owner contracts with a single party that completes all portions of the work from design through construction. This contract tends to produce shorter overall project schedules.

Question 37

Reason for Subcontractors

Answer 37

General Contractors don’t always have enough resources and workforce to complete a project, that’s why they seek subcontractors to have them provided for it. List of agreement - Scope of Work - Safety Requirement - Due Date (Duration) - Worker Insurance - Property Insurance - Additional Payment - Disclosure Agreement

Question 38

Construction scheduling

Answer 38

- The construction schedule assigns progressive dates to all project activities and phases. - Project scheduling is used to match resources of equipment, material and labor with project construction phases over time. - Poor scheduling can result in considerable waste as workers and equipment wait for needed sources or the completion of preceding tasks by other trades. - The most widely used scheduling techniques is the “Critical Path Method (CPM)”

Question 39

Critical Path Method

Answer 39

is one of the most used scheduling techniques in the construction industry due to its simplicity and powerful resource that it can be. The Critical Path Method is a useful tool that can lead you to achieve your project results and help you delivering the project on time. The Critical Path Method schedule shall include all work specified in the Contract Documents, including all expected activities of subcontractors, vendors, suppliers and all other parties associated with construction of the project.

Question 40

Permitting

Answer 40

- The building permit is a certificate issued by the local authority having jurisdiction authorizing the construction of a project after a thorough review of construction documents to ensure compliance with local building, safety, and fire codes.

Question 41

SHOP DRAWINGS

Answer 41

Gives precise directives for the fabrication of certain components, such as structural steel work, concrete reinforcing or pre-cast concrete components.

Question 42

SUBMITTALS

Answer 42

These are drawings, schedules, performance data, and brochures that give manufacturer’s information on the characteristics of a material and allow the architect to verify that the product under consideration will satisfy the requirements listed in the specification.

Question 43

CONSTRUCTION MOCK-UP

Answer 43

Is a full-size model of a proposed construction system built to judge the appearance of an assembly, examine its construction details, and test for performance under actual size conditions.

Question 44

Construction Observation

Answer 44

An onsite visit by the design architect or engineer to determine if the construction materials and installations are in accordance with the documents and specifications, which includes review of testing reports.

Question 45

Contractor Requests for Information (RFI)

Answer 45

- The request for information (RFI) is used by the contractor to obtain clarification on specific components and assemblies that are not fully detailed or understood through comprehensive review of the drawings and specifications. - These requests often occur in the building phase, as the contractor examines the documents in detail for the first time. - A contractor could ask for instance for more information on the details of an interior finish application.

Question 46

Modifications to the Construction Contract

Answer 46

- Every construction project encounters conditions that require a change to be made to the original contrast documents. - Changes may be required for a number of reasons, including newly discovered conditions, design omissions or errors, or changes in the scope of the work.

Question 47

Construction Change Directive (CCD)

Answer 47

It is a written order prepared by the architect and signed by the owner directing a change in the work and stating a proposed basis for adjustments in the contract time, cost or both.

Question 48

Change Order

Answer 48

It is a written directive to the contractor issued after the execution of an argument that authorizes an addition, deletion, revision to the project along with the related adjustments in contract budget and time.

Question 49

PROJECT CLOSE OUT

Answer 49

The practice of project close-out finalizes all project activities completed across all phases of the project to formally close the project and transfer the completed or cancelled project as appropriate.

Question 50

PURPOSE OF PROJECT CLOSE OUT

Answer 50

- Assess the project - Ensure completion - Derive any lesson learned and practices to be applied in future projects

Question 51

1. CONSULTATION

Answer 51

When the contractor determines that the work is nearing completion, the architect or construction manager is asked to return to the site and conduct an inspection of substantial completion.

Question 52

2. ASSESSMENT

Answer 52

Listing the remaining items to be installed or repaired and to collate and submit all product and equipment warranties.

Question 53

3. INSPECTION

Answer 53

Before a final certificate of completion can be issued, the inspecting authority must substantiate that all work is installed and complete, and the quality of workmanship meets the specified standards.

Question 54

4. CERTIFICATION

Answer 54

The contractor will apply to the local jurisdiction for a certificate of occupancy. The certificate issued by the local building department indicating that the building is compliant with locally adopted building codes and is in proper condition to be occupied.