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CNA Course > CNA Glossary - Vocabulary > Flashcards

CNA Glossary - Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

24 hr. Urine Collection

A

a urine specimen consisting of all urine voided in a 24-hr period

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2
Q

Abandonment

A

the action of abandoning a helpless senior (can be illegal)

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3
Q

Adominal Thrust

A

method of attempting to remove an abject from the airway of someone who is choking

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4
Q

Adbuction

A

moving a body part away from the midline of the body

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5
Q

Abduction Pillow/Wedge

A

a wedge-shaped pillow positioned between the legs to immobilize and position the hips and lower extremities, usually used after hip surgery

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6
Q

Ability

A

the means or skill to be able to do something

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7
Q

Abuse

A

purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone

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8
Q

Abuse Registry

A

includes names of persons who have abused, neglected,, exploited, or misappropriated the property of vulnerable adults.

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9
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

A

a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which the body’s immune system is weakened and unable to fight infection

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10
Q

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

A

move a joint through its range of motion without assistance

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11
Q

Acute Care

A

24-hour skilled care for short-term illnesses or injuries (typically given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers)

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12
Q

Adaptive/Assistive Devices

A

special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to preform activities of daily living

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13
Q

Adduction

A

moving a body part toward the midline of the body

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14
Q

ADLs

A

Activities of Daily Living; daily personal care tasks such as bathing; caring for skin; nails, hair, and teeth; dressing; toiling; eating and drinking; walking; and transferring

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15
Q

Adult Protective Series (APS)

A

social services provided to abused, neglected, or exploited older adults and adults with significant disabilities

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16
Q

Advance Directive

A

legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves

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17
Q

Affected

A

a side of the body or limb that is weakened due to a stroke or injury (also called the weaker or involved side)

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18
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly

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19
Q

Agitation

A

the state of being excited, restless, or troubled

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20
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

infection control measures taken to prevent the spread of pathogens that can be transmitted through the air after being expelled and remain floating in the air for a long time. These measures include using a special mask such as an N95 or HEPA respirator

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21
Q

Alignment

A

arrangement in a straight line, or in correct or appropriate relative positions

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22
Q

Alveoli

A

any of the may tiny air space of the lugs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

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23
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

a progressive, incurable disease that causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, eventually causing dementia

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24
Q

AM Care

A

cares normally performed in the morning such as bathing, dressing, breakfast, etc

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25
Q

Ambulate/Ambulation

A

Walk; move about

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26
Q

Amputation

A

the surgical removal of some or all of the body part, usually a hand, arm, leg, or foot

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27
Q

Amputee

A

a person who has had a limb amputated

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28
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

an acute allergic reaction to an antigen (e.g, a bee sting) to which the body has become hypersensitive

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29
Q

Anemia

A

a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness

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30
Q

Angina

A

chest pain, pressure, or discomfort usually associated with heart muscle that is not getting enough oxygen

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31
Q

Anti-Microbial

A

an agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

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32
Q

Antiembolism Stocking

A

a special stocking that helps prevent swelling and blood clots and aids in circulation by gently squeezing the legs to increase blood flow

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33
Q

Anxiety

A

uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition

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34
Q

Aphasia

A

a general term for a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to communicate with others

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35
Q

Apical

A

the adjective for apex, the tip of a pyramidal or rounded structure, such as the lung or the heart. An — pulse is measured the listening over the apex (lower tip) of the heart with a stethoscope.

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36
Q

Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep

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37
Q

Artery

A

any part of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood )mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body

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38
Q

Asepsis

A

the process of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens

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39
Q

Aspiration

A

the inhalation of food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs

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40
Q

Aspiration Precautions

A

interventions to reduce the risk of aspiration of food, liquids, and/or secretions during the swallowing process

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41
Q

Assault

A

a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that he or she will be harmed

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42
Q

Assisted Living

A

residences for people who do not need skilled, 24-hour care, but do require some help with daily care

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43
Q

Asthma

A

a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing

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44
Q

Atrophy

A

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use

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45
Q

Autism

A

a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concept

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46
Q

Axillary

A

relating to the armpit

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47
Q

Bacteria

A

a one-celled organism including some that can cause disease

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48
Q

Base of Support

A

refers to the area beneath a person that includes every point of contact that the person makes with the supporting surface (to maintain balance when standing, your — is your feet)

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49
Q

Battery

A

the intentional touching of a person without his or her consent

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50
Q

Bed Cradle

A

a frame placed over the body of a patient in bed for application of heat or cold or for protecting injured parts from coming into contact with the bedclothes

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51
Q

Bedpan

A

a receptacle used by a bedridden patient as a toilet

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52
Q

Bed Protector/Linen Protector

A

this is an item of removable bedding that sits on top of, or encases, a mattress to protect it

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53
Q

Belief

A

an acceptance that a statement is true of that something exists

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54
Q

Belonging

A

to be a member or part of (a particular group, organization, or class)

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55
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

A

a common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

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56
Q

Bedside Commode

A

a device used for elimination when a person is able to get out of bed but unable to walk to the bathroom; it consists of a chair-like Fram with a toilet seat and a removable collection bucket

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57
Q

Bias

A

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair

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58
Q

Biohazard/Biohazardous

A

a risk to human health of the environment arising from biological work, especially with microorganisms

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59
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

a type of depression that causes a person to swing from periods of deep depression to periods of extreme activity; also called manic-depressive illness

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60
Q

Bladder

A

a membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion

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61
Q

Bladder Retraining

A

this is an important form of behavior therapy that can be effective in treating urinary incontinence

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62
Q

Bland

A

a diet that contains food that is easy to digest, soft, low-fiber, and gentle on the digestive tract

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63
Q

Blindness

A

the state or condition of being unable to see because of injury, disease, or a congenital condition

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64
Q

Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)

A

pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans

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65
Q

Blood Clot

A

a semi-solid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells (thrombus)

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66
Q

Blood Pressure

A

the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls

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67
Q

Blood Glucose

A

the concentration of glucose in the blood

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68
Q

Body Language

A

the process of communicating nonverbally through conscious or unconscious gestures and movements

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69
Q

Body Mechanics

A

the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

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70
Q

Bone

A

a hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting most of the skeleton composed of mostly calcium

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71
Q

Bony Prominences

A

areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin

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72
Q

Bowel Movement (BM)

A

an act of defecation

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73
Q

Bowel Obstruction

A

also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines that prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion

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74
Q

Bowel Retraining

A

this is a program that helps people who have chronic constipation or a frequent loss of bowel control

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75
Q

Brachial Artery

A

this is the major blood vessel of the upper arm

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76
Q

Brain

A

an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity

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77
Q

Briefs

A

close-fitting legless underpants that are cut so as to cover the body to the waist, used for persons who are incontinent

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78
Q

Bronchi

A

the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs

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79
Q

Bronchitis

A

the inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. it typically causes bronchospasm and coughing

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80
Q

Burns

A

an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame

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81
Q

Call Light

A

a bedside button tethered to the wall in a patient’s room, which directs signals to the nursing station

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82
Q

Cancer

A

a general term used to describe a disease in which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way

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83
Q

Cane

A

a length of cane or a slender stick, especially one used as a support, or as a walking stick

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84
Q

Capillary

A

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules

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85
Q

Carbohydrates

A

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose

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86
Q

Cardiac

A

relating to the heart

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87
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A

medical procedure used when a person’s heart or lungs have stopped working

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88
Q

Care Plan

A

a plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform

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89
Q

Cataracts

A

a medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision

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90
Q

Catastrophic Reaction

A

reacting to something in an unreasonable, exaggerated way

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91
Q

Center for Disease Control (CDC)

A

a government agency under the U.S Department of Health and Human Services that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities

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92
Q

Centigrade

A

relating to, conforming to, or having a thermometric scale on which the interval between the freezing point of water and the boiling point of water is divided into 100 degrees

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93
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

the part of the nervous system which consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system

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94
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination (spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage to the brain before or at birth

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95
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA, Stroke)

A

a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain

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96
Q

Certification

A

the action or process of providing someone or something with an official document attesting to a status or level of achievement

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97
Q

Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)

A

this is a person who assists patients with healthcare needs and cares for a patient who is ill or recovering from a surgery or disease. These people have duties that are assigned by a nurse

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98
Q

Chain of Infection

A

a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another

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99
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing

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100
Q

Choking

A

having severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack of air

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101
Q

Chronic

A

long-term or long-lasting; constant

102
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible

103
Q

Circumcised

A

to cut off the foreskin of a male or the prepuce of a female

104
Q

Clean

A

in health care, a condition in which objects are not contaminated with pathogens

105
Q

Clean Catch/Midstream

A

a urine method used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample

106
Q

Clear Liquid (Cl Liq)

A

a diet that consists of clear juices, broth, gelatin, and popsicles

107
Q

Clergy

A

the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church

108
Q

Client

A

a person reciting home health care, as opposed to a patient in a hospital and resident in a long-term care facility

109
Q

Closed Bed

A

a bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place

110
Q

Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff)

A

a bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis

111
Q

Cognition

A

the ability to think logically and clearly

112
Q

Cold Pack

A

a bag or container, usually containing a substance that can be frozen or creates a cold feeling, put on a part of a person’s body to cool it or to reduce pain or swelling

113
Q

Cognitive Impairment

A

the loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected

114
Q

Collection Device (Hat)

A

in health care, a collection container that is sometimes inserted into a toiled to collect and measure urine or stool

115
Q

Colostomy

A

a surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon

116
Q

Communicable (of a disease)

A

able to be transmitted from one sufferer to another; contagious or infectious

117
Q

Concentrator

A

a device that draws room air in and concentrates with higher levels of oxygen

118
Q

Condom Catheter

A

a catheter that has an attachment on the end that fits onto the penis; also called external or Texas catheter

119
Q

Confidentiality

A

the legal and ethical principle of keeping information private

120
Q

Confusion

A

the inability to think clearly

121
Q

Conscious

A

the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts

122
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

heart failure in which the heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of blood in the tissues of the body or to pump out the venous blood returned to it by the venous circulation

123
Q

Constipation

A

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of hard, dry stool

124
Q

Contract Precautions

A

precautions used when there is a risk of transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person

125
Q

Contamination

A

the action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning

126
Q

Contracture

A

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity

127
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

impedance or blockage of one or more arteries that supply blood to the heart, usually due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

128
Q

COVID-19

A

a droplet and airborne disease transmitted through droplets and particles produced by an infected person; often characterized by respiratory symptoms and capable of progressing to severe symptoms, even death, especially in people who are older or have underlying health conditions

129
Q

Cross Contamination

A

the process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one substance or object to another, with harmful effects

130
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood

131
Q

Cyanotic

A

skin that is blue or gray

132
Q

Dangle

A

the action of sitting up with the legs hanging over the side of the bed in order to regain balance and stabilize blood pressure

133
Q

Decubitus

A

relating to an ulcer/sore; a difficult-to-heal (and possibly fatal) sore that forms when part of the body presses against a surface for a long period of time, cutting off the oxygen supply to the tissues

134
Q

Defamtion

A

any communication, written or spoken, that is untrue and that injures the good name or reputation of another or that in any way brings that person into disrepute

135
Q

Delirium

A

a state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly and is usually temporary

136
Q

Denture

A

a removable plate or frame holding one or more artificial teeth

137
Q

Dermis

A

the middle layer of the skin which consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and other structures

138
Q

Diabetes Type 1 (T1DM)

A

usually diagnosed in children or young adults, a chronic and lifelong disease where the pancreas either produces no insulin or too little insulin and is usually managed through daily insulin injections

139
Q

Diabetes Type 2 (T2DM)

A

a disease process where the body does not produce enough insulin, or the body fails to properly use insulin. Usually occurs in people who are obese or have a family history of diabetes and can usually be controlled with diet and/or oral medications

140
Q

Diabetic Diet

A

a diet where calories and carbohydrates are carefully controlled usually from residents who have diabetes. Proteins and fats are also regulates

141
Q

Dialysis

A

a procedure that is done to remove waste products and fluids from the body when a person’s kidneys fail and can no longer perform this task

142
Q

Diastolic

A

the second measurement of blood pressure; phase where the heart relaxes or rests

143
Q

Doff

A

to remove

144
Q

Don

A

to put on

145
Q

Down Syndrome

A

a congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile

146
Q

Draw/Lift/Transfer Sheet

A

an extra sheet placed on top of the bottom sheet; used for moving residents in bed

147
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

infection control measures taken to prevent the spread of pathogens that are spread through droplets in the air that don’t normally travel more than 6 feet. these measures include wearing a face mask during acre

148
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

149
Q

Dysphasia

A

impairment of speech that is less marked that in aphasia

150
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

151
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

152
Q

Edema

A

swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

153
Q

Embolism

A

obstruction of a blood vessel, usually by a blood clot

154
Q

Emesis Basin

A

a shallow basin of curved, kidney-shaped design, used to collect body fluids or as a container for various other liquids

155
Q

Emphysema

A

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

156
Q

Enema

A

a specific amount of water, with or without and additive, which is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

157
Q

Epidermis

A

the outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular

158
Q

Epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe

159
Q

Epilepsy

A

a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain

160
Q

Epistaxis

A

a nosebleed

161
Q

Expectorate

A

cough or spit out phlegm from the throat or lungs

162
Q

Fan Fold

A

the process of folding linen like a fan to the side or bottom of the bed

163
Q

F.A.S.T

A

the acronym used as a way to remember the sudden signs that a stroke is occurring; Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, and Time

164
Q

Female External Catheter

A

an external urine collection device that attaches to the perineum and drains urine by a tube attached to a bag or suction container

165
Q

Flatus

A

gas in or from the stomach or intestines, produced by swallowing air or by bacterial fermentation

166
Q

Flow Meter

A

a device used to measure the rate at which oxygen flows from a tank or concentrator to the resident

167
Q

Fluid Balance

A

taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid

168
Q

Foot drop

A

a weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally

169
Q

Fowler’s

A

a semi-sitting body position in which a person’s head and shoulders are elevated 45 to 60 degrees

170
Q

Fracture Pan

A

a bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan

171
Q

Full Liquid

A

a diet that consists of all liquids on a clear liquid diet with the addition of cream soups, milk, and ice cream; foods that are liquid at room temperature

172
Q

Gait/Transfer Belt

A

a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to help people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated to stand, sit, or walk

173
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)

A

a chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus. This can relate in inflammation and damage to the lining of the esophagus

174
Q

Gastrostomy tube

A

a tube surgically placed into the stomach through an incision in the abdomen. Used for long-term enteral feedings. Also Calle da percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG)

175
Q

Geriatrics

A

the branch or medicine or social science dealing with the health and care of old perople

176
Q

Glaucoma

A

a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight

177
Q

Glucometer

A

a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood

178
Q

Graduate

A

a measuring device used to measure fluids

179
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

180
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

a swollen vein or group of veins in the region of the anus

181
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma

182
Q

High-Fowler’s

A

a sitting body position in which a person’s head is elevated 60 to 90 degrees

183
Q

Holistic Care

A

a type of care that involves caring for the whole person (the mind as well as the body)

184
Q

Hospice

A

holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families

185
Q

HS/PM

A

PM care also known as HS care is the care provided at nighttime/before bed time

186
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

this is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system

187
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

an instance where a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal and can result from having too little insulin in the body

188
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure, measuring 130/80 or higher

189
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

an instance where a person’s blood glucose levels are below normal and can result from either too much insulin or too little food

190
Q

Hypotension

A

abnormally low blood pressure, measuring 100/60 or lower

191
Q

Ileostomy

A

a surgical operation in which a pie e of the ileum is diverted into an articial opening in the abdominal wall

192
Q

Indwelling Catheter

A

a type of catheter that remains inside the ladder for a period of time; urine drains into a bag

193
Q

Influenza

A

a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching

194
Q

Insulin

A

a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes

195
Q

Integumentary

A

the body system that includes the skin and its glands, the hair, and the nails and acts to protect the body from vainer kids of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside

196
Q

Kidney Stone

A

clumps of minerals that form in the kidneys and bladder. Symptoms include severe flank pain and blood in the urine

197
Q

Larynx

A

the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box

198
Q

Lateral

A

the body position in which a person in lying on either side

199
Q

Leg Bag

A

a small bag that connects to an indwelling catheter to collect urine. It’s strapped to the leg and can be hidden under clothing

200
Q

Logrolling

A

moving a person as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body

201
Q

Long Term Care (LTC)

A

care given in these facilities for people who need 24-hour, skilled care

202
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

this is a pyramid the reflects the belief that the more basic, lower-level needs must be met before the higher-level needs can be met. Needs in order of importance: Physiological, Safety and security, Love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

203
Q

Mechanical Soft

A

a diet that consists of chopped or lended foods that are easier to chew and swallow by using a blender or food processor. This diet doesn’t limit spices, fat, and fiber, only the texture of the food changes

204
Q

Mottling

A

an irregular arrangement of spots or patches of color

205
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside pf the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals

206
Q

Multidrug-resistant Organisms (MDROs)

A

this is defined as bacteria that have become resistant to more than one class of antimicrobial agents and are usually resistant to all but one or two commercially available antimicrobial agents, complicating treatment of illnesses they cause

207
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord; symptoms include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue

208
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI, Heart Attack)

A

this occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries become completely blocked, preventing blood from reaching parts of the heart causing the muscle cells to die

209
Q

Nares

A

the nostrils

210
Q

Nasogastric Tube

A

a feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes into the stomach

211
Q

Nocturia

A

a condition where the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding

212
Q

Non-Rebreather Mask

A

a plastic device worn over the nose and mouth, connected to a plastic reservoir bag filled with a high concentration of oxygen, used in emergency situations to deliver higher concentrations of oxygen than a standard mask

213
Q

NPO

A

a medical order to withhold all food and fluids taken orally

214
Q

Occult Blood

A

small traces of blood that a person cannot see in their stool

215
Q

Ombudsman/Ombuds

A

a legal advocate for residents in long-term care facilities; helps resolve disputes and settle conflicts

216
Q

Orthostatic

A

relating to or caused by an upright posture

217
Q

Orthotic

A

a device that helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning; also called an orthosis

218
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

a common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis

219
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a disease that causes bonds to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily

220
Q

Ostomy

A

a surgically created opening from an area inside the body to the outside

221
Q

Palliative Care

A

care that c=focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing them

222
Q

Pancrease

A

a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in this organ are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood of the hormones insulin and glucagon

223
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremors, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle-aged and elderly people

224
Q

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

A

the moving of a joint through its range of motion without exertion by the subject, usually done by an examiner who moves the person’s body part manually.

225
Q

Ulcer

A

a lesion in the lining (mucosa) of the digestive tract, typically in the stomach or duodenum, caused by the digestive action of pepsin and stomach acid

226
Q

Perineal Care

A

care of the genitals and anal care

227
Q

Perineum

A

the genital and anal area

228
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

A

poor blood circulation in the legs, feet, arms, or hands caused by atherosclerosis

229
Q

Pertussis

A

also known as “whooping cough”, it is a highly contagious, acute respiratory illness characterized by fits of coughing and caused by the bacteria Bordetella pettussis

230
Q

Pneumonia

A

lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid

231
Q

Polyuria

A

production of abnormally large volumes or diluted urine

232
Q

Pulse Oximeter

A

a device that uses a light to determine the amount of oxygen in the blood and can also measure a person’s pulse rate

233
Q

Radial Artery

A

the artery that runs just beneath the skin at the wrist where the pulse can be felt

234
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

a chronic progressive auto-immune disease-causing inflammation in the joins and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles

235
Q

Scabies

A

a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite

236
Q

Semi-Fowler’s

A

the position with the person lying on their back. The head of the bed is raised 30-45 degrees and the knees/feet are raised 10-15 degrees

237
Q

Shearing

A

rubbing or friction that results from the skin moving one way and the bone underneath it remaining fixed or moving in the opposite direction

238
Q

Shingles

A

an acute, painful inflammation of the nerve ganglia, with a skin eruption, often forming a girlde around the middle of the body. It is caused by the same virus as chickenpox

239
Q

Sim’s

A

body position in which a person is lying on his left side with the upper knee flexed and raised toward the chest

240
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

an inflatable rubber cuff that is applied to the arm enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure; blood pressure cuff

241
Q

Stoma

A

an artificial opening in the body from which waste can be eliminated

242
Q

Straight Catheter

A

a catheter that does not remain inside the person; it is removed immediately after urine is drained or collected

243
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

the bottom layer of skin made of connective tissue and fat

244
Q

Supine

A

the position where the person is lying flat on his back with a pillow under the head (dorsal, recumbent)

245
Q

Suprapubic Catheter

A

a surgically created connection between the urinary bladder and the skin used to drain urine from the bladder in individuals with obstruction of normal urinary flow.

246
Q

Systolic

A

first measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing the blood from the left ventricle of the heart.

247
Q

Thyroid

A

a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism.

248
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

A

the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system.

249
Q

Trachea

A

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.

250
Q

Tympanic

A

the temperature obtained by placing an electronic probe in the ear canal

251
Q

Ureterostomy

A

the creation of a stoma (a new artificial outlet) for a ureter or kidney to permit urine to pass

CNA Course (1 decks)

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