CNA Words & Definitions Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Prospective Payment
A
How much hospitals are paid for a hospital stay, based on the patients specific diagnosis and procedure.
2
Q
Managed Care
A
A program in which the cost of appropriate health care goods and services are controlled
3
Q
Types of Health Care Organizations
A
- Hospitals (acute care facilities)
- Specialty hospitals and centers
- Subacute care facilities
- Long-term care facilities
- Home health agencies
- Physicians offices and outpatient clinics
4
Q
Acute illness
A
An illness that comes on suddenly and is generally of short duration
5
Q
Chronic illness
A
An illness that develops slowly and continues for a long period of time
6
Q
Chain of command
A
The lines of authority in an organization
7
Q
Interdisciplinary team
A
A group consisting of various health care professionals and nonprofessionals who work together in the care of an individual patient. The team ideally includes the patient and the patient’s family.
8
Q
Nursing assistant
A
Nursing assistants carry out patient care. Carry out basic functions under the direction of a registered nurse
9
Q
Plan of care
A
A written plan that provides direction for each patients care, including the goals for the patient and the actions required to meet them
10
Q
Activities of Daily living (ADL’s)
A
Everyday activities or tasks, including eating, dressing, bathing, and toileting
11
Q
Scope of practice
A
The range of activities that can be legally performed within a particular health occupation
12
Q
Job description
A
A list of duties and responsibilities that go with a particular job
13
Q
Nursing Assistant duties will include:
A
- Helping patients with personal needs, such as eating, elimination, bathing, and grooming.
- Helping make patients physically comfortable and assisting them with mobility and activity needs.
- Attending to patients psychological comfort and social needs, such as by answering the call bell promptly, providing privacy, assisting with communication, and showing respect.
- Ensuring a clean and safe environment for patients.
- Assisting the nurse with assessment and care planning, such as by taking vital signs, observing patients, and reporting and recording observations.
- Providing support services, such as transporting patients or cleaning equipment.
14
Q
Nursing assistants cannot do any of the following:
A
- Give medications.
- Diagnose or prescribe treatments or medications.
- Take oral or phone orders from a physician.
- Insert or remove tunes from a patients body.
- Perform sterile procedures.
- Do something the nursing assistant is not properly trained to do.
- Tell anyone about a patients diagnosis or treatment.
- Supervise other nursing assistants.
15
Q
Confidentiality
A
The principal of not revealing private information to others.
16
Q
Standards of care
A
A set of guidelines that serve as a model for good nursing assistant care
17
Q
Liable
A
Legally responsible
18
Q
Negligence
A
A failure to provide the care that a nursing assistant should be reasonably expected to provide, which causes harm to a patient or a patients property.
19
Q
Malpractice
A
Negligence committed by a professional person, such as a physician, nurse, or pharmacist.
20
Q
False imprisonment
A
The illegal confinement or restraint of a person against his or her will
21
Q
Incident
A
Any unusual event such as an accident or a situation that could cause an accident
22
Q
Physical abuse
A
This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant causes physical harm by injuring or neglecting a patient. False imprisonment is a form of physical abuse. Nursing assistants may not restrain a person in any way unless a physician has ordered it.
23
Q
Verbal abuse
A
This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant yells at a patient or threatens a patient
24
Q
Psychological abuse
A
This type of abuse occurs when a nursing assistant belittled or threatens a patient or causes the patient to be afraid. Neglect or failure to give care is also a form of psychological abuse.
25
Hygiene
The maintenance of health and cleanliness
26
Personal qualities of the nursing assistant
* Sensitive to others feelings
* Trustworthy, dependable, honest
* Cheerful and enthusiastic
* Respectful of all people
* Cooperative with others
* Considerate of others
* Patient and kind
* Able to understand themselves, especially their own strengths, weaknesses, and feelings
27
Stress
Pressure or strain that disturbs a person's mental or physical well-being
28
Oral hygiene
Cleaning and care of the mouth, teeth, gums, and tongue
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Dentures
Removable false teet
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Conditions to report when helping with oral hygiene
* Extremely bad breath
* Bleeding
* Loose or broken teeth
* Damaged dentures
* Sores in or around the mouth
* A coated tongue
* Complaints of discomfort
31
Feces
Stool or bowel movement; semisolid waste products eliminated through the rectum and anus
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Defecation
The discharging of feces from the rectum through the anus; having a bowel movement
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Constipation
A condition in which feces are hard and dry and cannot be easily eliminated from the body
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How to help patients maintain normal elimination?
* Make sure patients have adequate fluid intake.
* Encourage patients to eat fruits, vegetables, bread, cereals, and other high-fiber foods.
* Encourage patients to be as active as possible.
* Check with patients every 2 hours to see if they need to urinate or deficate.
* Make sure patients have privacy and plenty of time for toileting to ensure dignity and comfort.
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Diarrhea
The passage of liquid feces
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Incontinence briefs
Absorbent briefs made of cloth or disposable material used by patients who have difficulty controlling urination or defication.
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Urinal
A portable container in which male patients urinate while in bed. A urinal designed to fit a females anatomy is also available if she prefers a urinal.
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Bedpan
A portable pan in which all patients deficate and in which female patients urinate while in bed. A fracture pan is available to meet patients special needs. (Example in a cast or traction)
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Portable bedside commode
A movable chair with a toilet seat that is used for elimination.
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Perineal care
Cleaning and care of a patients genital and anal areas
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Perineum
The area between the external genitals and the anus.
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Guidelines for perineal care:
* Wear disposable gloves
* Clean from the front to the back (clean to dirty)
* Since the perineum is delicate, use warm water (100°-105°F). Wipe very gently, using wet wash cloths with soap or disposable wipes, and pat dry.
* Rinse the perineum well, because soap can irritate skin.
* Follow your facility's policy. In some facilities, nursing assistants give perineal care to patients while they are on the toilet
43
Urinary catheter
A tube inserted through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine
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Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection involving any structure of the urinary system, caused by bacteria invading the urethra, bladder, ureter, and/or kidneys.
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Foley Catheter
A urinary catheter that is left in the bladder so urine can drain continuously; also called an indwelling or retention catheter
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Condom catheter
A catheter for male patients that consists of a soft rubber sheath (condom) attached to a drainage tube.
47
Urinary meatus
The external opening of the urethra, which is the insertion site of a catheter
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Communication
The exchange of messages and information
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Interpersonal skills
Skills in dealing with people such as courtesy, tact, respectfulness, and patience.
50
Feedback
The verbal and nonverbal responses a listener makes to the senders message
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Verbal communication
Communication that uses words, either spoken or written
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Nonverbal communication
Communication without words; also called body language
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Body language
Nonverbal communication, such as facial expression, tone of voice, posture, and gestures.
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Skilled listeners do these things:
* Show interest and concern.
* Avoid interrupting the speaker.
* Display patience and act to help the speaker who is having trouble communicating.
* Give the speaker feedback, both verbal (questions, restatements) and nonverbal (smiles, nods).
* Show a non-judgmental attitude when listening and responding.
* Avoid expressions such as "don't worry" or "everything will be ok" that imply the speaker's feelings are unimportant
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Non-judgmental
Avoiding judgment of another person based on one's own personal opinions and beliefs
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Empathy
The ability of a person to understand another's point of view and share in another's feelings or emotions
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Observations
Bits of information gathered by watching a patient
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Reporting
Verbally informing someone (such as your supervisor) about patient care or observations
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Recording
Writing down information on a patients medical record; also called charting.
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Chart
The medical record where information on a patient is recorded
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Objective data
Observations of a patient made by using one's senses, such as seeing a rash or hearing moans of pain
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Subjective data
Information reported by a patient about how he or she is feeling
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Flowchart
A computer screen (part of the patient record) that documents the actions and observations made at regular intervals; also called a flow sheet
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Medical terminology
Language or terms used in the field of medicine
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What are the 5 I's
1. Infront: eye contact
2. Introduce: Patient/NA
3. Inform: Patient/Na
4. Isolate: Patient & germs > privacy > hands
5. Inquire?
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What are the 5 H's
1. Heel/wheels
2. Horn
3. How?
4. Hands before
5. Hallway
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Abbreviation
A shortened form of a word
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Asepsis
The state of being free from disease causing organisms
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Biopsy
The removal of body tissue for diagnostic examination
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Bradycardia
A slow heart rate
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Cardiac
Pertaining to the heart
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Contraindicate
To make a medication, procedure, or treatment inadvisable
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Dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body
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Diagnostic
Relating to or used for diagnosis, the identification by a physician of the cause of a person's problem.
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Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
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Hemorrhage
Excessive bleeding, either internal or external
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Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
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Intravenous (IV)
Within or into a vein
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Pathology
Branch of medicine dealing with the nature of disease and the structural and functional changes caused by disease
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Phlebitis
Inflammation of a blood vessel
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Pulmonary
Pertaining to the lungs
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Secretion
The production and release of a chemical substance by a cell, gland, or organ, which is used in the body; an example is the secretion of saliva by the salivary glands
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Tachycardia
A fast heart rate
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Therapeutic
Relating to or used in the treatment of disease
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Thrombosis
The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel or an organ
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Tracheotomy
A surgical incision in the trachea (windpipe) performed to make an artificial breathing hole
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Urinalysis
Laboratory test of a patients urine done for diagnostic purposes
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Infection
The invasion and growth of disease-causing microorganisms in the body
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Microorganisms
Living things so small that they can be seen only with a microscope; also called microbes or, more commonly, germs
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Pathogens
Microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, that can cause disease
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Bacteria (singular- bacterium)
Single-celled, microscopic organisms. Some are beneficial to humans, while others cause disease
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Fungi (singular- fungus)
Microscopic, single-called or multicellular plants that can cause disease
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Virus
The smallest known living infectious agent
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Proposal (singular- protozoan
Single-called, microscopic animals, usually living in water, that can cause disease
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Strep (streptococcus)
A type of bacteria that is a common cause of chest and throat infections
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Staph (staphylococcus)
A type of bacteria that is a common cause of infection
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Infectious
Referring to a disease that can spread; communicable
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What is the chain of infection
1. Causative agent
2. Reservoir of the agent
3. Portal of exit
4. Portal of entry
5. Susceptible host
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Definition of chain of infection
The process by which an infectious disease is transmitted to and develops in a person's body
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Causative agent
In the chain of infection, the pathogen that causes the infection or disease
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Reservoir of the agent
In the chain of infection, the place where a pathogen (agent) can live and reproduce, such as in a person who has the disease, an animal, or a fomite
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Carrier
A person who has a disease that can be passed on to others but who does not does not display signs or symptoms of the disease.
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Fomite
Any object that is contaminated with pathogens and can transmit disease
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Portal of exit
In the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen leaves the reservoir
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Route of transmission
In the chain of infection, the way a pathogen is transmitted from the reservoir to the new host's bofy
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Portal of entry
In the chain of infection, the means by which the pathogen enters the host body
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Susceptible host
In the chain of infection, the individual who acquires the pathogen; if the host is susceptible, or unable to resist the pathogen, the pathogen begins to reproduce and causes infection
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Contact transmission
Transfer of microorganisms by contact with body surfaces or contaminated objects
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Droplet transmission
Transmission of microorganisms by droplets propelled through the air by sneezing, talking, or coughing
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Airborne transmission
Transmission of microorganisms by evaporated droplets or dust particles moving through the air
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Health care associated infection (HAI)
An infection acquired while in a health care facility
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Nosocomial infection
An infection acquired while in a health care facility
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Communicable
Referring to a disease that can be spread from one person to another, either directly or through an animal or object; infectious
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Mucus
Sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes in the lungs, nose, and other parts of the body. Ot provides lubrication and helps to trap and kill microorganisms
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Medical asepsis
Practices and procedures to maintain a clean environment by removing or destroying disease causing organisms; also called clean technique
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Sterile
Free from all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic
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Clean
Referring to an object or area not contaminated by pathogens, though not necessarily sterile
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Contaminated
Not clean; dirtier by contact with living microorganisms
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Dirty
Referring to an object or area that has been contaminated by pathogens
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Sharps
Needles, scalpers, razor blades, and any other sharp, potentially dangerous object used in a health care facility
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Exposure
Unprotected contact with pathogens or material that may be contaminated, such as medical instruments or body fluids
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Barriers
Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles, designed to prevent contact with the body fluids of patients
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Donning
Applying personal protective equipment, following the correct procedure.
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Doffing
Removing personal protective equipment, following the correct procedure
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Disinfection
A cleaning process that destroys most microorganisms through the use of certain chemicals or boiling water
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Sterilization
A cleaning process that kills all microorganisms, including spores
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Terminal cleaning
Thorough cleaning of the patient unit after the patient is discharged
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Isolation
Specific procedures and precautions designed to prevent a patient from infecting others or being infected by others; may involve housing the patient in a separate room
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Standard precautions
Guidelines that apply to the care of all patients, no matter what their known infection status is; every patient is treated as if he or she were potentially infectious
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Transmission-based precautions
Isolation precautions used when caring for patients who have contagious disease caused by an identified pathogen
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Flora
Microorganisms normally present in or on the human body
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Self-esteem
A person's sense of his or her own worth and dignity; self-respect
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Holistic health
The view in health care that regards the body, mind, and spirit as interrelated dimensions of a person's being and considers the needs of the whole person.
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Age-specific care considerations
Attention to patients safety, communication, and comfort needs that takes into account the age of the patient and the patient's stage of life
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Prejudice
Strong feelings for or against something, usually formed without complete knowledge or reasoning
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Restorative care
Care that focuses on helping a patient return to and maintain a level of health and well-being
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Rehabilitation
A type of health care that helps a patient regain the highest possible state of functioning
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Occupational therapist (OT)
A health care professional who helps patients regain muscle control, coordination, and tolerance for activity, with the goal of recovering the ability to live and work as independently as possible
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Physical therapist (PT)
A health care professional who uses exercises and other techniques to help patients regain mobility
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Speech-language pathologist (SLP)
A health care professional who helps patients improve their speech, communication, and swallowing
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Assistive device
A piece of equipment that helps a patient with a disability perform an activity more easily and more efficiently
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Prosthesis
An artificial body part
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Orthotic
An appliance used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities
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Fecal impaction
The blockage of the bowel by a mass of hard feces
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Suppository
A solid, easily melted melted medication that is inserted into a body opening such as the rectum or vagina
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Range-of-motion (ROM) exercises
Exercises in which each muscle and joint in the body is moved through its full range of motion - that is, all the movements it is normally capable of.
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Passive ROM
Exercises in which the nursing assistant moves the patient's limbs through the range of motion
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Active ROM
Exercises in which the patient moves the limbs through the range of motion without help
