CNAF Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Noise Sensitive and Wilderness Areas
A
These areas SHALL be avoided when at altitudes of less than 3000’ AGL except when in compliance with an approved:
1. Traffic or approach pattern
2. VR or IR route
3. Special use airspace
Noise sensitive areas SHALL be avoided in the development of IR and VR routes and additional special use airspace unless the 3000’ criteria can be observed.
2
Q
OTC Embarked
A
Wing, group, or squadron commander, if embarked on a mission involving aircraft of their command, retains full authority and responsibility regarding command, including the mission in which participating. (3.7.1.2)
3
Q
Flag or General Officer Embarked (3.7.1.2)
A
The pilot in command of an aircraft with a flag or general officer eligible for command at sea or in the field embarked as a passenger SHALL be subject to the orders of such flag or general officer in accordance with U.S. Navy Regulations. When such an embarked passenger exercises authority to command the aircraft, that passenger thereby assumes full responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight. The embarked passenger shall give due consideration to the judgment of the pilot in command regarding items of flight safety such as hazardous weather and aircraft/crew limitations. Flying rule violations, accident reports, and any other actions arising out of the flight will be referred to the embarked passenger as the responsible commander of the aircraft.
NOTE: The provisions of paragraphs 3.7.1.1 & 3.7.1.2 SHALL NOT be used to circumvent normal NATOPS qualification procedures if the officer desires to physically pilot the aircraft. Flights that require a NATOPS-qualified crew SHALL NOT be physically piloted by any individual not so qualified; however, the flight may be directed by an officer in tactical command embarked who is not NATOPS qualified.
4
Q
ORM principles
A
a. Accept risk when benefits outweigh the costs
b. Accept no unnecessary risk
c. Anticipate and manage risk by planning
d. Make risk decisions at the right level
5
Q
ORM levels
A
a. Time critical: A quick mental review of the five-step process when time does not allow for any more (i.e., in flight missions/situation changes)
b. Deliberate: Experience and brain storming are used to identify hazards and is best done in groups (i.e., aircraft moves, fly on/off)
c. In-depth: More substantial tools are used to thoroughly study the hazards and their associated risk in complex operations (i.e., Weapons Det)
6
Q
ORM Steps
A
- Identify hazards.
- Assess hazards.
- Make risk decisions.
- Implement controls.
- Supervise and watch for change.
7
Q
Position Lights
A
Standard position lights SHALL be displayed during the period 30 minutes before official sunset until 30 minutes after official sunrise or at any time when the prevailing visibility as seen from the cockpit is less than 3 statute miles. During these conditions, they SHALL be displayed:
1. Immediately before engine start and anytime the engine(s) is running.
2. When the aircraft is being towed unless the aircraft is otherwise illuminated.
3. When an aircraft is parked and likely to cause a hazard unless the aircraft is otherwise illuminated or marked with obstruction lights.
8
Q
Anti-Collision Lights
A
Anti-collision lights SHALL be used immediately before engine start and at all times when the aircraft engine(s) is in operation, except when the use of such lights adversely affects ground operations (i.e., arming and dearming, refueling operations, etc.). They may be turned off during flight through clouds when the rotating light reflects into the cockpit. The use of green anti-collision lights for the specific purpose of identifying airborne tankers is authorized, provided that standard position lights are also displayed. (5.1.1.2)
9
Q
Emergency and Humanitarian Operations
A
Naval aircraft operations are authorized in emergencies such as forest fire, search, rescue, major calamities, and for humanitarian reasons involving life-threatening circumstances. Notification of the operation SHALL be made to CNO or CMC, as appropriate, and the responsible local commander, but without delaying action when time is an essential factor. Squadron commanders and officers in charge will operate under the direction of assigned Joint Task Force commanders per Combatant Commander policy/guidance.
10
Q
Nonessential Flights
A
The use of aircraft for nonessential flights SHALL not be authorized. Any flight open to misinterpretation by the public SHALL be avoided. Examples of flights that are considered nonessential are as follows:
1. Flights of a routine business nature for which commercial or other military transportation could be more economically substituted.
2. Flights for any officer or group of officers, the sole purpose of which is the convenience and/or prestige of the officers concerned and not the performance of official duties or accomplishment of bona fide training.
3. Repeated flights to the hometown area of flight personnel concerned.
4. Flights coinciding with major sports events or civic celebrations.
11
Q
WARNING
A
Explanatory information about an operating procedure, practice, or condition, etc., that may result in injury, death, or loss of aircraft if not carefully observed or followed.
12
Q
CAUTION
A
Explanatory information about an operating procedure, practice, or condition, etc., that may result in damage to equipment if not carefully observed or followed.
13
Q
NOTE
A
Explanatory information about an operating procedure, practice, or condition, etc., that must be emphasized.
14
Q
Shall
A
is used only when application of a procedure is MANDATORY.
15
Q
Should
A
is used only when application of a procedure is RECOMMENDED.
16
Q
May/Need Not
A
are used only when application of a procedure is OPTIONAL.
17
Q
Will
A
indicates FUTURITY and never indicates any degree of requirement for application of a procedure.
18
Q
Pilot in Command (3.7.1)
A
Defn: The pilot assigned responsibility for safe and orderly conduct of the flight.
-Pilot in command refers to the pilot of an individual aircraft. PIC may also be the mission commander or formation leader when so designated.
-A pilot shall not be designated as PIC unless the pilot has made at least 2 takeoffs and landings and logged 5 hours of pilot time in the same model aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
-The authority and responsibility of the PIC shall not be transferred during flight. It shall not be transferred to another individual except as required by emergency, operational necessity, or as directed by the commanding officer of the unit to which the aircraft is attached. The authority and responsibility of a PIC is independent of rank or seniority in relation to other persons participating in the mission or flight except for the following: OTC embarked & Flag or General Officer embarked.
19
Q
IMC
A
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions. IMC conditions exist anytime a visible horizon is not distinguishable.
20
Q
VMC
A
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, cloud distance, and ceiling that are equal to or better than specified minimums. Basic weather conditions prescribed for flight under visual flight rules (VFR).
21
Q
Simulated Instrument Conditions
A
Conditions external to the aircraft in flight are visual meteorological conditions (VMC), but pilot vision is limited primarily to the interior of the aircraft.
22
Q
Simulated Instrument Approach
A
An instrument approach flown under simulated instrument conditions
23
Q
Actual Instrument Approach
A
When actual instrument conditions are encountered below 1000’ above the airport/flight deck elevation during an instrument approach.
24
Q
Actual Instrument Conditions
A
Conditions external to the aircraft in flight that do not permit visual reference to the horizon.
25
Multipiloted Aircraft
Any aircraft having two sets of flight controls and instruments and operated by two pilots, both of who meet the requirements of the NATOPS manual for that model aircraft.
26
Local Flying Area
That area in the vicinity of an air installation in which locally-based aircraft can operate during an average/typical sorties flight time. The local flying area shall not exceed 350 miles from an air installation and be designated as such in the Air Ops Manual by the Commanding Officer. In so far as practicable, local flying areas SHALL be bounded by prominent terrain features and/or navigation aid radial/distances.
27
Night time
The portion of pilot time during darkness (i.e., between the official time of sunset and sunrise (on the surface below the aircraft in flight), regardless of whether visual or instrument conditions exist).
28
Local Flight
A flight that remains within the local flying area and terminates at either the same facility or another military facility with which the originating station has direct station-to-station communications.
29
CRM
The use of specifically defined behavioral skills as an integral part of every flight to improve mission effectiveness by minimizing crew preventable errors, maximizing crew coordination, and optimizing risk management.
30
ORM
The process of dealing with the risk associated with military operations, which include risk assessment, risk decision making and implementation of effective risk controls.
31
Operational Necessity
A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which the consequences of an action justify accepting the risk of loss of aircraft and crew.
32
Passenger
An individual who is not part of the aircrew traveling in an aircraft designed or normally configured for passenger (non-aircrew) carrying capability on a point-to-point flight.
33
Risk
An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability
34
Hazard
A condition with the potential to cause personal injury or death, property damage, or mission degradation.
35
Controlling Custodian
The command exercising administrative control of assignment, employment, and logistic support of aircraft. Controlling custodians are identified in COMNAVAIRFORINST 4790.2A
Ex.
Carrier : CAG / Exped: Wing
36
Reporting Custodian
An organizational unit of the lowest echelon of command accepting responsibility (involving accountability to CNO) for aircraft as designated either by CNO or by the controlling custodian of the aircraft.
Ex. Squadron CO
37
Aerobatic Flight Maneuvers
An intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in aircraft attitude, intentionally performed spins, or other maneuvers requiring pitch/dive angles greater than 45, bank angles greater than 60, or accelerations greater than 2 Gs. A maneuver that conforms to the model NATOPS manual (e.g., break, weapons delivery, autorotations, etc.) is not considered to be aerobatic flight.
38
VIP
VIPs are defined as flag officers, DOD officials equal to or senior to flag officers, high-profile public figures, elected members of Congress, etc.
39
Cross Country Flight
A flight that either does not remain in the local flying area or remains in the local flying area and terminates at a facility other than an active military facility.
40
Flight
For helicopters, a flight begins when the aircraft lifts from a rest point or commences ground taxi and ends after airborne flight when the rotors are disengaged or the aircraft has been stationary for 5 minutes with rotors engaged.
NOTE: Flight time on repetitive evolutions such as field carrier landing practice (FCLP), passenger/cargo stops, and carrier qualifications SHALL be logged from the time the aircraft takes off until the aircraft has been on the surface for 5 minutes after each evolution flown (i.e., three sorties of 55 minutes actual air time interspersed with two 20-minute ground periods for refueling or passenger/cargo transfer will be logged as 3.0 hours of flight time).
41
CRM skills
1. Decision making
2. Assertiveness
3. Mission Analysis
4. Communication
5. Leadership
6. Adaptability/flexibility
7. Situational Awareness
42
Aircraft Commander Requirement
An aircraft commander shall be designated for the following multipiloted aircraft missions:
1. Operational/tactical missions.
2. Administrative missions in helicopters/tiltrotors.
3. Training flight, except those that are within the capabilities of pilots of lower classification and which, in the opinion of the commanding officer, are best suited to teach such pilots self-reliance and command responsibility.
4. Flights in which the transport of passengers is involved.
43
What you sign for when submitting a flight plan
AAFIGPWP
1. The flight has been properly authorized.
2. Adequate flight planning data, including NOTAM service, was available for complete and accurate planning.
3. The flight will be conducted in accordance with governing directives and adherence to criteria for fuel requirements and weather minimums.
4. Each pilot in a formation flight has received the required flight route weather briefing.
5. The pilot in command/each pilot in a formation flight possesses a valid instrument rating if any portion of the flight is to be conducted under IMC or in positive control areas or positive control route segments.
6. Passengers have been properly briefed and manifested.
7. Proper weight and balance forms, if applicable, have been filed.
8. The pilot in command acknowledges responsibility for the safe and orderly conduct of the flight.
44
Manifest Requirements
The PIC of a naval aircraft flight shall ensure that a copy of the manifest is on file with a responsible agency at the point of departure prior to takeoff. The manifest SHALL include an accurate list of personnel aboard the aircraft, showing names, serial numbers, grade and service if military, duty station, and status aboard the aircraft (pax or crew). All persons aboard other than flight personnel are passengers and SHALL be manifested as such. When initial transmission of a flight plan by radio is permitted after takeoff in accordance with this instruction, depositing such a personnel list continues to be a mandatory pretakeoff requirement of the pilot in command of the flight. The pilot SHALL state the location of the required personnel list when filing by radio or telephone. Helicopter and tiltrotor pilots engaged in SAR missions, lifting reconnaissance parties, patrols, and outposts during field problems are released from manifest responsibilities when there is no proper agency available with whom a passenger manifest could be deposited.
45
Weather criteria for filing
Flight plans SHALL be based on all the following:
1. The actual weather at the point of departure at the time of clearance.
2. The existing and forecast weather for the entire route of flight.
3. Destination and alternate forecasts for a period of 1 hour before ETA until 1 hour after ETA
46
Alternate Airfield
An alternate airfield is required when the weather at the destination is forecast to be less than 3000' ceiling and 3 sm visibility during the period 1 hour before ETA until 1 hour after ETA.
NOTE: If an alternate airfield is required, it SHALL have a published approach compatible with installed operable aircraft navigation equipment that can be flown without the use of 2-way radio communication whenever either one of the following conditions is met:
1. The destination lacks the above described approach.
2. The forecasted weather at the alternate is below 3000' ceiling and 3 sm visibility during the period 1 hour before ETA until 1 hour after ETA.
47
IFR filing criteria
DEST: 0-0 up to but not including published mins
ALT: 3000-3 or better
DEST: Published mins up to but not including 3000-3 (single piloted helo/tiltrotor absolute mins are 200-1/4)
ALT: NP-Published mins plus 300-1
P-Published mins plus 200-1/2
DEST: 3000-3 or better
ALT: No alternate required
48
Fuel planning
All aircraft SHALL carry sufficient usable fuel, considering all meteorological factors and mission requirements as computed below:
1. If alternate is not required, fuel to fly from takeoff to destination airfield, plus a reserve of 10% of planned fuel requirements.
2. If alternate is required, fuel to fly from takeoff to the approach fix serving destination and thence to an alternate airfield, plus a reserve of 10% of planned fuel requirements.
3. In no case shall the planned fuel reserve after landing at destination or alternate airfield, if one is required, be less than that needed for 20 minutes of flight, computed as follows:
c. Turbine-powered helicopters. Compute fuel consumption based on operation at planned flight altitude.
4. Minimum fuel reserve requirements for specific model aircraft shall be contained in the appropriate NATOPS manual.
49
Minimum fuel (def)
Minimum fuel is an advisory term indicating that in the judgment of the pilot the fuel state is such that no undue delay can be accepted en route to the destination. It is not an emergency situation, but undue delay may result in an emergency. If at any time the remaining usable fuel supply suggests the need for traffic priority to ensure a safe landing, the pilot SHALL declare an emergency and report fuel remaining in minutes. Both minimum fuel advisories and emergency fuel state SHALL be reported each time control is transferred to a new controller.
NOTE: Pilots declaring minimum fuel SHOULD NOT expect special handling from controllers.
50
Requirements to be Aircraft Commander (12.3.2.2)
To be qualified as a helicopter aircraft commander, the NATOPS manual SHALL establish the designation for the particular model, and an individual SHALL:
1. Have completed the requirements for and possess to an advanced degree the knowledge, proficiency, and capabilities of a second pilot
2. Have a minimum of 500 hours total flight hours (simulator hours flown as part of a formal helicopter syllabus may be credited for up to 10%)
3. Have 150 flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft.
4. Have pilot hours in class and model required by the CO or higher authority and demonstrate the proficiency and judgment required to ensure the successful accomplishment of all tasks of the unit mission.
5. Demonstrate ability to command and train the officers and enlisted members of the flight crew.
6. Demonstrate the qualities of leadership required to conduct advanced base or detachment unit operations as officer in charge when such duty is required as part of the units mission or method of operation.
51
Helicopter Night Hover Ops Over Water
Night/low visibility hover operations over water SHALL be conducted using aircraft equipped with operable automatic hover systems (i.e., coupler/Doppler/AFCS equipment) on all occasions when a natural horizon visible from the cockpit is not available to assist the pilot in establishing/maintaining a stable hover. (5.4.3)
52
Embarkation of Passengers (1)
1. No person SHALL be enplaned as a passenger nor SHALL any cargo be embarked on a naval aircraft unless authorization has been granted by competent authority in accordance with applicable directives. Reporting custodians for helicopter units may authorize personnel to be embarked as passengers onboard their aircraft. This authority may be delegated to a designated detachment OIC when deployed or embarked. No person SHALL be carried in a taxiing aircraft as a passenger unless such person is authorized to fly in it or has been authorized by competent authority to be embarked therein. (3.4)
53
Embarkation of Passengers (4-Helos and Tilt)
4. Helicopter and Tiltrotor passenger overwater flights at night are authorized subject to the following restrictions:
A) Ship launches and recoveries SHALL be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived by the Strike Group Commander, Amphib Squadron commander, Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Commander, or Officer in Tactical Command (OTC) in cases of operational necessity.
B) In cases of MEDEVAC, a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training (non-aircrew underwater emergency egress as a minimum training requirement), and has been properly briefed on emergency egress procedures for that aircraft, may be transferred at night with approval from the ship’s CO.
C) This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, visit board search and seizure (VBSS) level III operations, or SPECOPS training and operational missions. (3.4)
54
Embarkation of Passengers (5)
5. The pilots in command/mission commanders of a naval aircraft (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transportation for personnel and/or equipment not otherwise qualified for Government air transportation (i.e., civilian physicians, paramedic teams, sheriff department personnel, park rangers, search dogs, medical equipment, etc.) when required for the successful prosecution of a SAR, MEDEVAC, or disaster relief mission. This authority SHALL only be exercised when all practical means of obtaining authorization from competent authority in accordance with applicable directives have proven unsuccessful or unavailable. Appropriate authority SHALL be notified of such air transportation as soon as practicable. (3.4)
55
Landing at other than airfields
Helicopter, tiltrotor, and VSTOL/STOL aircraft are authorized to land at other than airfield locations (such as fields, highways, and parks), provided:
1. A military requirement exists for such landing.
2. Adequate safeguards are taken to permit safe landing and takeoff operations without hazard to people or property.
3. There are no legal objections to landing at such nonairfield sites.
NOTE: COs are authorized to waive the provisions in sub paragraph 1-3 when dispatched helicopters, tiltrotor, or VSTOL/STOL aircraft is engaged in SAR operations. (4.4.3)
56
Airfield Operations Outside Published Hours/Closed Control Tower Airfield Operations
1. Commanding officers of airfields are authorized to extend airfield operating hours beyond those published in the Digital Airport/Facility Directory without opening the control tower. The CO SHALL take into consideration requirement of NAVAIR 00-80T-114.
2. Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield when both the aircraft reporting custodian (unit commander) and the CO of the airfield have specifically authorized such operations.
3. Naval aircraft are permitted to operate from a closed control tower airfield without the crash crew being present with concurrence of the reporting custodian (unit commander) and the CO of the airfield. (4.4.4)
57
Note on Tactical Environment
In the tactical environment, military exigency may require on-site deviations from instructions/procedures contained here. The existing risk of deviation must continually be weighed against the benefit of deviating from this manual. Deviation from specified flight and operating instructions is authorized in emergency situations when, in the judgment of the pilot in command, safety justifies such a deviation. (1.1.1)
58
Autorotations
Practice autorotations SHALL be conducted within the limits of the field boundary over a surface upon which a full autorotation can be safely completed and that is readily accessible to crash, rescue, and firefighting equipment. Practice autorotations SHALL require the specific approval of the tower. (5.4.1.2)
59
Civilian Law Enforcement Officials
Embarkation of civilian LEOs is authorized for helicopters, tiltrotor, and non-ejection seat aircraft.
Note: LEO personnel authorized in accordance with this paragraph SHOULD comply with the aeromedical and survival training requirements set forth in paragraph 8.4 of this instruction when time and facilities permit. (3.1.1.12)
60
Cloud Clearances
Class A: n/a - n/a
Class B: 3 SM - COC
Class C: 3 SM - 500’ below/1000’above/2000’horizontal
Class D: 3SM - 5/1/2
Class E: less than 10000’MSL: 3SM-5/1/2
At or above 10000’MSL: 5SM-1/1/1
Class G: 1200’AGL or less, DAY: 1SM-COC
1200’AGL or less, NIGHT: 3SM-5/1/2
1200’AGL - 10000’MSL, DAY: 1SM-5/1/2
1200’AGL-10000’MSL, NIGHT: 3SM-5/1/2
More than 1200’AGL/10000’MSL: 5SM-1/1/1
61
FAR Exemptions (Applicable to Helos) 1.3.3.1
4. Section 91.159 (a) (VFR Cruising Altitude or Flight Level). Allows operations at altitudes other than those prescribed by section 91.159 (a) while engaged in drug interdiction operations, only to the extent necessary to obtain positive identification of a suspect aircraft and maintain visual contact with that aircraft, provided the aircraft has a dedicated on-board observer (other than the pilot) to watch for other air traffic, and the aircraft has an operating transponder with Mode C.
6. Section 91.179 (b) (1) (IFR Cruising Altitude or Flight Level). Exemption from the altitudes to be maintained in uncontrolled airspace has been granted to the extent necessary to conduct military training route (MTR) training. Policies and procedures for the conduct of MTRs are contained in FAAO JO 7610.4, Special Operations, and in FLIP Area Planning AP/1B.
7. Section 91.209 (a) (Aircraft Lights). An exemption has been granted to DOD aircraft engaged in drug interdiction flights provided the aircraft has a dedicated on-board observer plus an additional resource capable of detecting all aircraft operating in vicinity of the DOD aircraft.
8. Sections 91.209 (a) and (b) (Aircraft Lights). An exemption for USMC aircraft from 91.209 (a) and (b) for flight without lighted aircraft position lights in order to conduct night vision device flight training in USMC helicopters.
62
Helicopter Pax Transfer at Night (3.4)
4. Helicopter and Tiltrotor passenger overwater flights at night are authorized subject to the following restrictions:
A. Ship launches and recoveries SHALL be made during daylight hours. This constraint may be waived by the Strike Group Commander, Amphibious Squadron Commander, MAGTF Commander, or OTC in cases of operational necessity.
B. In cases of MEDEVACS, a qualified medical attendant who is current in approved water survival training (non-aircrew underwater emergency egress as a minimum training requirement), and has been properly briefed on emergency egress procedures for that aircraft, may be transferred at night with approval from the ship’s CO.
C. This does not preclude troop movement in support of amphibious exercises, VBSS level III operations, or SPECOPS training and operational missions.
63
Special VFR & who can assign it? (5.2.4)
Deviations under FAR 91.157, SVFR Weather Mins, are permitted except at those airports where SVFR is not authorized in fixed-wing aircraft. For SVFR within controlled airspace, the pilot must obtain authorization from air traffic control; ceiling must be a minimum of 500; visibility must be a minimum of 1 statute mile; aircraft must remain clear of clouds, and (except for CNATRA helicopter operations) the pilot and aircraft must be certified for instrument flight.
***Aviation commanding officers in the chain of command may authorize tilt rotors in helicopter conversion mode and helicopter SVFR in conditions BELOW 500/1 for missions of operational necessity. The authority granted by this paragraph SHALL NOT be delegated.***
64
Assignment of Aircraft to Specific Individuals (3.1.1.4)
Unless otherwise authorized by the Secretary of the Navy, no naval aircraft will be assigned to a specific individual nor SHALL any individual require a specific aircraft or aircraft crew be made available for exclusive use. This does not preclude the display of pilot, crew and support personnel names on aircraft.
65
Aircraft of Other Services (3.1.1.11)
Naval aviators may fly aircraft of another service, provided the other service has no objection.
66
Orientation Flight Definition
A continuous-flight in DOD aircraft performed within the local flying area and terminating at the point of origin intended to further the understanding of particular programs concerning the roles and missions of the DoD.
67
Authorized Airfields - DoD Airfields (4.4.1.1 )
4.4.1.1 DoD Airfield Facilities
(1) Naval aircraft are authorized to operate at and land at all U.S. military and joint civil-military airfields. When planning to operate at other than home airfields, local training airfields or OLFs, pilots in command SHALL ensure that they are aware of and meet airfield operating requirements and, when necessary, have satisfied PPR requirements. PPRs need not be obtained for planned alternate fields or emergency divert airfields.
(2) When returning to the US from abroad, PICs SHALL ensure that they will be able to satisfy U.S. Customs Service clearance requirements at their point of entry airfield.
68
Authorized Airfields - Civilian Airfields (4.4.1.2)
Naval aircraft are permitted to operate at civilian airfields listed in the DoD Enroute Supplement when such operations contribute to mission accomplishment, add value to training, or are otherwise in the interests of the government and taxpayer. Civilian airfields SHALL NOT be used for RON unless required for mission accomplishment. In such cases, approval by the appropriate Wing/Group Commander is required. RON is authorized if required for aircraft maintenance or following an emergency divert.
69
Taxiing Helicopter (3.1.4.2)
No one SHALL be permitted to taxi a helicopter except those persons who are authorized to fly helicopters.
No person SHALL be carried in a taxiing aircraft as a passenger unless such person is authorized to fly in it or has been authorized by competent authority to be embarked therein. (3.4 - Embarkation of passengers)
(Note…for FCF, technically need CO to approve maintainers to ride in the back when we reposition in the line…or kick them out when taxiing)
70
Blood Donation (8.3.2.11)
Although blood donated in small quantities is quickly replaced and does not adversely affect ground activities, the hazards of hypoxia and reduced barometric pressure make it desirable to limit such donations by flight personnel in accordance with the following:
1. Flight personnel may donate blood occasionally. The minimum interval for all donors SHALL be 4 months.
2. Flight personnel in combat, flying in a shipboard environment, or flying operational missions SHALL NOT donate blood within 4 weeks prior to such flying.
3. Flight personnel SHALL NOT participate in flight duties or perform low-pressure chamber runs for 4 days following donation of 450 cc of blood (1 pint).
4. If subject to flying duties within 4 days of a blood donation, an aviator must obtain command approval prior to donating.
4 4’s rule (4-4-4-4)
71
Jettisoning Fuel (5.5.6)
Whenever practicable, fuel SHALL NOT be jettisoned (dumped) below an altitude of 6,000’ above the terrain. Should weather or emergency conditions dictate jettisoning at a lower altitude, every effort SHALL be made to avoid populated areas. When under positive control, the PIC should advise the ATC facility that fuel will be jettisoned.
72
Who can authorize for successful prosecution of SAR? (3.4)
The PICs/mission commanders of a naval aircraft (while absent from home unit) may authorize air transportation for personnel and/or equipment not otherwise qualified for Government air transportation (i.e., civilian phyicians, paramedic teams, sheriff department personnel, park rangers, search dogs, medical equipment, etc.) when required for the successful prosecution of SAR, MEDEVAC, or disaster relief mission. This authority shall only be exercised when all practical means of obtaining authorization from competent authority in accordance with applicable directives have proven unsuccessful or unavailable. Appropriate authority shall be notified of such air transportation as soon as practicable.
73
4 Final Approach Abnormalities (5-28)
The controller shall issue instructions to execute a missed approach or to climb and maintain a specific altitude and fly a specified course whenever the completion of a safe approach is questionable because one or more of the following conditions exist:
1. Safe limits are exceeded or radical aircraft deviations are observed.
2. Position or identification of the aircraft is in doubt.
3. Radar contact is lost or a malfunctioning radar is suspected.
4. Field conditions, conflicting traffic, or other unsafe conditions observed from the tower prevent completion.
74
When to Execute a Missed Approach (5.3.5.4)
Pilots shall not descend below the prescribed MDA or continue an approach below the DH unless they have the runway environment in sight and in their judgment a safe landing can be executed, either straight-on or from a circling approach, whichever is specified in their clearance.
- Precision approaches: a missed approach shall be executed immediately upon reaching the DH unless the runway environment is in sight and a safe landing can be made.
- Non-precision approaches: a missed approach shall be executed immediately upon reaching the missed approach point if visual reference is not established and/or a landing cannot be accomplished. If visual reference is lost while circling to land from a published instrument approach, the missed approach specified for that particular procedure must be followed. To become established on the prescribed missed approach course, the pilot should make an initial climbing turn toward the landing runway then maneuver in the shortest direction to become established on the missed approach course.
75
When can PIC be transferred? (3.7.1)
The authority and responsibility of the PIC shall not be transferred during flight. It shall not be transferred to another individual except as required by emergency, operational necessity, or as directed by the commanding officer of the unit to which the aircraft is attached. The authority and responsibility of a PIC is independent of rank or seniority in relation to other persons participating in the mission or flight except for the following:
-OTC
-Flag or General Officer Embarked
-Flight Control Station
76
Tobacco Products in Aircraft (7.1.9)
1. The use of tobacco products or electronic cigarettes in naval aircraft is prohibited.
2. Lighter Prohibition. Lighters with plastic liquid reservoirs and/or containers for refilling any lighter are prohibited in naval aircraft. Lighters with butane, propane, or methyl alcohol as a fuel are also prohibited.
77
Safety Belts and Shoulder Harnesses (7.2)
Each persons safety belt and shoulder harness shall be worn and tightened prior to takeoff and shall be worn until completion of the flight except when necessary activities require temporary removal. Inertial reels, where provided, shall be manually locked for all takeoffs and landings and at all other times when high g forces may be encountered except where the procedure is detrimental to safe operation. The number of persons over 2 years of age embarked in a naval aircraft for flight shall be restricted to the number for which there are adequate seats and safety belts. During takeoffs, landings, and at other times specified by the PIC, each person over 2 years of age on board transport aircraft shall occupy a seat or berth and be secured with the safety belt provided for that purpose. Cabin seating requirement for C-2/COD, helicopters and tiltrotors may be eliminated when operational environment or aircraft configuration/load requirements dictate for the accomplishment of essential training and operations with the following guidelines:
1. Applies to SPECOPS training and missions.
2. Applies to dedicated lifesaving efforts, including humanitarian and SAR operations.
3. Not to be used for routine operational training or personnel transfers. Applies only when tactical or procedural requirements exist for a specific mission or exercise.
4. When seats are removed, passengers will be restrained by an appropriate alternate means.
5. If mission profile requires removal of seats/seatbelts/restraints for one part of the mission, then passengers will, if possible, use seats/seatbelts/restraints for all other phases of the mission.
78
Landing / Taxi Lights (5.1.13)
Landing/taxi lights should be utilized for all taxi movements ashore during the hours of darkness unless a taxi signalman is directing the aircraft. Use of those lights during landing approaches (both day and night) within class B, C, or D airspace is recommended when meteorological conditions permit.
NOTE:
-Good judgment should be exercised to avoid blinding pilots of other aircraft that are either airborne or on the ground.
-Use of landing/taxi lights is recommended in areas of high bird concentration.
79
Aircraft Fuel Purchase (9.3)
Because the cost of fuel from non-contract commercial sources is considerably higher than that from military or contract sources, unit commanders and pilots in command shall make every effort to purchase fuel from military or government contract sources. Navy and Marine Corps flight personnel are not authorized to purchase aircraft fuel/oil from other than military or government contract sources except when one of the following apply:
1. Mission requirements dictated stopping at a facility without military or contract fuel sources.
2. The flight terminated as the result of an emergency.
3. The flight terminated at an alternate airport in lieu of filed destination.
80
ASAP Submission Requirements (3.15.1)
1. One report per flight shall be completed. It is the responsibility of the PIC/Mission Commander to ensure this requirement is met. For flights in which there was no issue to report, a "No Event" report shall be completed, to include the command climate assessment, survey questions, etc.
2. It is the responsibility of aircrew members to submit additional reports for all issues which impacted the safe and orderly conduct of the flight/mission.
3. For formation flights, one report per section/division is sufficient if no event occured.
4. For cross-country or multiple leg flights, at least one report at the completion of the mission is required. If events occurred on multiple legs, individual ASAP reports should be completed for each of those events.
81
Helo - Ground Operations (5.4.1.4)
Air taxi/ground operations shall be conducted with sufficient horizontal separation to preclude damage to aircraft, property, or personnel. Pilots shall operate with the minimum required power while on the ground and shall be particularly alert to prevent FOD and/or gust damage to their own and other aircraft.
82
Flight Plans - when required and exceptions (4.5.1)
A flight plan appropriate for the intended operation shall be submitted to the local air traffic control facility for all flights of naval aircraft except the following:
1. Flights of operational necessity.
2. Student training flights under the cognizance of CNATRA conducted within authorized training areas. CNATRA shall institue measures to provide adequate flight following service.
**A daily schedule or abbreviated single-copy DD-175 may be authorized by the approval authority for use when the flight will be conducted within the established local flying area and adjacent offshore operating/training areas**
83
No Communication Link (4.5.3)
If no communication link exists between the point of departure and the ARTCC/FSS, the pilot may relay the flight plan to an appropriate FSS by commercial telephone. When unable to file in person or by telephone, the flight plan may be filed as soon as possible by radio after takeoff. Flight in controlled airspace in IMC without ATC clearance is prohibited. Filing by radio after takeoff is not permitted when it will involve unauthorized IMC flight. In any case, the pilot's responsibility is not fulfilled until a completed flight plan and passenger manifest have been deposited with the airport manager or other suitable person.
84
Drugs (8.3.2.5)
Drugs are defined as any chemical that when taken into the body causes a physiological response.
1. Legal Drugs - guidance and flight restrictions provided in NAMI
a) Prescription drugs
b) OTC drugs
c) Alcohol - consumption of any type of alcohol is prohibited within 12 hours of any mission brief or flight planning. Flight crews shall ensure that they are free of hangover effects prior to flight.
d) Tobacco - impairs night vision and dark adaptation
e) Caffeine - 450 mg per day (3-4 cups of drip coffee) is the recommended maximum intake.
85
Dental Care (8.3.2.7)
Dental procedures that involve the use of local injectable drugs shall be cause for grounding for a period of 12 hours. Use of intravenous sedatives shall require grounding for 24 hours.
86
Aircraft Mishap (9.2.2)
In case of mishap to an aircraft, the PIC is responsible for its safe custody until the aircraft has been taken into custody by proper authority in accordance with the provisions of OPNAVINST 3750.6 series.
87
Severe WW Bulletins (4.8.4.5)
Except for operational necessity, emergencies, and flights involving all-weather research projects or weather reconnaissance, pilots shall not file into or through areas for which the Storm Prediction Center has issued a WW unless one of the following exceptions apply:
1. Storm development has not progressed as forecast for the planned route as verified by DoD forecasters or a FSS.
a) VFR filing is permitted if existing and forecast wx for the planned route permits such flights.
b) IFR flight may be permitted if aircraft radar is installed and operative, thus permitting detection and avoidance of isolated t-storms.
c) IFR flight is permissible in controlled airspace if VMC can be maintained, thus enabling aircraft to detect and avoid isolated t-storms.
88
Liferafts (8.2.2)
Liferafts of sufficient capacity to accommodate passengers and crew shall be provided in all aircraft when there would be a significant risk of water entry in the event of a mishap. OTCs may waive this provision during troop movements between sea and shore when they deem it appropriate and adequate SAR resources are available. Waiver decision will be based on ORM analysis.
89
Helo Ops - Terrain Flight (5.4.2)
Terrain flights (low level, contour, NOE) shall be conducted only as operational necessity dictates, in training scenarios executed within designated training areas, or as published procedures and clearances prescribe.
90
Orientation Flight - purposes (3.3.1)
a) to familiarize them with an aircraft, its operation, capabilities, requirements, concept of employment, or limitations
b) to familiarize them with a base complex from the air for official purposes other than merely sightseeing or goodwill
c) to allow FAA personnel to perform official functions that require their infrequent embarkation on naval aircraft
d) to perform other military duties not assigned to the flight crew
91
Immunizations (8.3.2.10)
Flight personnel shall not participate in flight duties for 12 hours after receiving an immunization or injection unless cleared sooner by a FS or APA.
92
Crew Rest (8.3.2.1)
Non-duty time before a duty day, watch, or flight period begins. Shall include an opportunity for eight hours of uninterrupted sleep for every 24-hour period.
Sailors and flight crew shall not be scheduled for continuous watch, duty, alert, and/or flight duty (required awake) in excess of 18 hours. However, if it become operationally necessary to exceed the 18-hour rule, 15 hours of continuous off-duty time shall be provided prior to scheduling the member for any duties.
93
Minimum Flying Hours (11.2.5)
Annual: Pilot - 100hrs, Night - 12hrs, Inst - 12hrs
Semiannual: Pilot - 40hrs, Night - 6hrs, Inst - 6hrs
94
NATOPS Program Definition (1.1)
The NATOPS program is a positive approach towards improving combat readiness and achieving a substantial reduction in aircraft mishaps.
95
Remaining in Cabin (5.4.4)
All aircrew shall remain inside the aircraft cabin during all flight regimes unless deemed by the aircraft commander to be operationally necessary for safety of flight or mission accomplishment. Any acts conducted for thrill purposes are strictly prohibited.
96
Antiexposure Suits (8.2.1)
Final determination with regard to actual wearing of antiexposure suits shall be made by the CO or OIC of the aviation unit concerned. The latest available type continuous-wear or quick-toning anti exposure suits, as appropriate, shall be provided for flight personnel of naval aircraft when in the event of a mishap there would be a significant risk of water entry and when either of the following two conditions prevail:
1. Water temp is 50° F or below
2. OAT is 32° F or below
Swimmers shall not be deployed unless equipped with anti-exposure protection when water temperature is 60°F or below and/or OAT is wind chill factor corrected at 32°F or below.
97
Hyperbaric Exposure (8.3.2.13)
Under normal circumstances, flight personnel shall not fly or participate in low-pressure chamber flights within 24 hours following scuba diving, compressed air dives, or high-pressure chamber evolutions. Where an urgent operational requirement dictates, flight personnel may fly within 12 hours of scuba diving, provided no symptoms of pulmonary overinflation syndrome or decompression sickness develop following surfacing and the subject is examined and cleared by a FS or APA.
98
Helo Operations - Altitude (5.4.1.3)
Helicopter flights within class B, C, or D airspace shall be in accordance with the local Air Ops Manual. Where no other guidance is provided, pilots os helicopters shall not exceed 500' AGL unless specifically cleared by the tower or other control agency. Pilots shall avoid flying over areas at altitudes where their rotor or prop-wash could result in damage to aircraft, property, or personnel.
99
OTC (defn)
The senior officer present eligible to assume command, or the officer to whom he has delegated tactical command.
100
Scope of CNAF (1.1.1)
Prescribes general flight and operating instructions and procedures applicable to the operation of all naval aircraft and related activities. This manual is not intended to cover every contingency that may arise and every rule of safety and good practice.
101
What requires Op Necessity?
1. Ship L/L w/ pax @ night
2. Transfer of PIC
3. Low level flight out of training area
4. SVFR ops <500’/1SM
5. Flight without flight plan
6. Flight through WW
7. Flight w/o adequate rafts for everyone on board
8. IMC on VFR flight plan
9. Extra people in aircraft on certain missions
102
CNAF Nomenclature
NATOPS General Flight and Operating Instructions Manual
CDR, Naval Air Forces Manual 3710.7
103
Starting Engines (7.1.2.4)
When the engine of a helo is started, the controls should be manned by a qualified helo pilot. COs may authorize certain specially qualified personnel, other than pilots, to ground test helo engines and avionics when a pilot is not available.
104
PIC: “In the absence of direct orders…” (3.7.1)
In the absence of direct orders from higher authority cognizant of the mission, responsibility for starting or continuing a mission with respect to weather or any other condition affecting the safety of the aircraft rests with the PIC.
105
Helo operations above 10,000’MSL (8-10)
1. For mission essential flights
2. Time above 10,000’ shall not exceed one hour
3. Altitude shall not exceed 13,000’ if oxygen systems are not utilized.
106
Instrument Approach and Landing Mins (Helo reductions) (5.3.5.1)
-Helo required visibility mins may be reduced to 1/2 the published visibility minimum for CAT A aircraft, but in no case may it be reduced to < 1/4 mile or 1200’ RVR.
-Based on airspeeds <90 knots on final
-Published approach ceiling minima shall not be reduced
-COPTER approaches ceiling and visibility minima shall not reduced
107
VFR On Top (5.2.6)
For aircraft to operate on a VFR clearance above broken clouds or an overcast, climb to and descent from such on top flight shall be made in accordance with VFR and aircraft shall be equipped and pilots qualified for instrument flight.
108
When do we need to have a rescue swimmer? Dressed out? (4.2.5)
Any naval helo that is assigned the primary mission to operate a rescue vehicle over water shall have a member of its crew one aircrewman who is completely outfitted for water entry and has completed an approved CNO/CMC rescue swimmers school.
NOTE: Where SAR/plane guard is briefed as a primary mission, or when it becomes the primary mission, the rescue air crewman shall be prepared for immediate water entry.
109
Exception to Pax Brief Requirements (for PIC) (7.1.3.1)
Pilots of helos that embark passengers are released from briefing responsibilities while engaged in:
1. SAR missions.
2. Transporting large troop contingents, recon parties, patrols, and outposts during field problems or when no opportunity is provided for the aircraft to be shutdown after embarkation.
3. Shipboard operation when landings are precluded.
Under such circumstances, the briefing shall be the responsibility of the cognizant local commanders.
