CNC Term Mastery | EAGLE MACHINE INC. Flashcards
(479 cards)
1
Q
What does CNC stand for?
A
CNC: Computer Numerical Control - A system for automating machine tools through software-driven commands to precisely control machining operations.
2
Q
What is a Mill?
A
A machine tool used for removing material by advancing a cutter into a workpiece, creating flat, curved, or complex shapes.
3
Q
What is G-Code?
A
A standardized programming language used in CNC to control the movement and operations of machine tools.
4
Q
What is M-Code?
A
Machine-specific codes in CNC programming used for auxiliary functions like turning coolant on or off.
5
Q
What is a Toolpath?
A
The programmed trajectory that a cutting tool follows during machining to achieve the desired geometry.
6
Q
What is a Spindle?
A
The rotating axis in a CNC machine that holds and drives the cutting tool or workpiece.
7
Q
What is an End Mill?
A
A versatile cutting tool with cutting edges on the sides and tip, commonly used in milling operations.
8
Q
What is Face Milling?
A
A machining process that uses the face of a cutting tool to create a flat surface.
9
Q
What is Profile Milling?
A
A process for cutting the outline or shape of a part, either externally or internally.
10
Q
What is a Workpiece?
A
The raw material that is machined into a desired shape or finished product.
11
Q
What is Fixturing?
A
The method or device used to secure a workpiece during machining to ensure accuracy and stability.
12
Q
What does CAD stand for?
A
CAD: Computer-Aided Design - Software for creating 2D and 3D part designs for manufacturing.
13
Q
What does CAM stand for?
A
CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing - Software that converts CAD models into machine instructions for CNC machines.
14
Q
What is Feed Rate?
A
The speed at which the cutting tool or workpiece moves during machining, typically measured in inches per minute (IPM).
15
Q
What does RPM stand for?
A
RPM: Revolutions Per Minute - The rotational speed of the spindle or cutting tool.
16
Q
What is Chip Load?
A
The thickness of material removed by a cutting tool per cutting edge in one revolution.
17
Q
What is Tapping?
A
The process of creating internal threads in a pre-drilled hole for screws or bolts.
18
Q
What is Peck Drilling?
A
A drilling method where the tool is retracted periodically to remove chips and reduce heat.
19
Q
What is Coolant?
A
A fluid used to reduce heat and friction during machining, improving tool life and surface finish.
20
Q
What is an Axis in CNC?
A
A direction of movement in CNC machines, typically X, Y, and Z for linear motion, and A, B, and C for rotational.
21
Q
What is 5-Axis Machining?
A
CNC machining with motion along three linear axes and two rotational axes, enabling complex parts.
22
Q
What is Tolerance?
A
The allowable variation from specified dimensions in a machined part.
23
Q
What is a Datum?
A
A reference point or surface used for measurements and machine setup.
24
Q
What is Backlash?
A
The loss of motion or play between mechanical components in a CNC machine, affecting accuracy.
25
What is a Stepper Motor?
An electric motor that moves in discrete steps, enabling precise control in CNC machines.
26
What is a Servo Motor?
A motor used in CNC machines for high-precision movement with feedback control.
27
What is a Ball Screw?
A device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, used in CNC machines for precision.
28
What is a Fixture Plate?
A flat plate with pre-drilled holes used to secure workpieces and fixturing components.
29
What is a Tool Holder?
A device that secures the cutting tool in the spindle of a CNC machine.
30
What is a Collet?
A clamping device used to hold cutting tools or workpieces in place with high precision.
31
What is a Drawbar?
A mechanical component that holds tool holders in the spindle and allows tool changes.
32
What is a Linear Rail?
A guide system that ensures smooth and accurate linear motion in CNC machines.
33
What is Flood Coolant?
A method of applying coolant by continuously flooding the cutting area.
34
What is Mist Coolant?
A fine mist of coolant sprayed onto the cutting area to reduce heat and friction.
35
What is Dry Machining?
Machining without the use of coolant, relying on tool materials and coatings to dissipate heat.
36
What is Hard Milling?
A machining process for cutting materials that have been heat-treated to high hardness levels.
37
What is a Soft Jaw?
Customizable jaws used in vises or chucks to securely hold irregularly shaped workpieces.
38
What is a Hard Jaw?
Fixed jaws used in chucks or vises to hold workpieces securely during machining.
39
What is a Vise?
A clamping device used to hold a workpiece securely during machining.
40
What is a CNC Router?
A type of CNC machine used for cutting softer materials like wood, plastics, and composites.
41
What is Plunge Rate?
The speed at which a cutting tool moves vertically into the material.
42
What is Cutting Speed?
The speed at which the cutting edge of a tool moves relative to the workpiece, typically measured in surface feet per minute (SFM).
43
What is Surface Feet Per Minute (SFM)?
The speed of the cutting tool's surface relative to the material being machined.
44
What is Climb Milling?
A milling method where the cutting tool moves in the same direction as the feed, providing a better surface finish.
45
What is Conventional Milling?
A milling method where the cutting tool moves against the direction of the feed, offering better control for certain materials.
46
What is Step Over?
The distance the cutting tool moves laterally between passes during machining.
47
What is Depth of Cut?
The vertical distance the cutting tool penetrates into the material during machining.
48
What is Helical Milling?
A machining process involving the cutting tool moving in a helical path, often used for hole-making operations.
49
What is Thread Milling?
A machining process for cutting threads using a tool that moves in a helical pattern.
50
What is Reaming?
A process used to enlarge and finish a pre-drilled hole to a precise size and smooth finish.
51
What is Countersinking?
A process for creating a conical hole to allow screws or bolts to sit flush with or below the surface.
52
What is Counterboring?
A process for creating a cylindrical recess to allow a bolt head or fastener to sit flush with the surface.
53
What is Boring?
A machining process used to enlarge an existing hole to achieve greater accuracy or smoothness.
54
What is Pocketing?
A milling operation that removes material from a specified area, creating a cavity or pocket.
55
What is Slotting?
A machining operation used to cut slots or grooves into a workpiece.
56
What is a Keyway?
A slot or groove machined into a workpiece to accommodate a key for rotational alignment.
57
What is Roughing?
A machining process that removes large amounts of material quickly, preparing the workpiece for finishing.
58
What is Finishing?
A machining process that removes minimal material to achieve the final dimensions and surface finish.
59
What is Chamfering?
A process for creating a beveled edge on a workpiece to remove sharp edges or facilitate assembly.
60
What is Deburring?
The process of removing sharp edges or burrs from a machined part to improve safety and functionality.
61
What is Center Drilling?
A drilling operation used to create a pilot hole for accurate positioning of subsequent drilling or machining.
62
What is Spot Drilling?
A drilling operation used to create a shallow hole that guides the main drill and prevents wandering.
63
What is a T-Slot Cutter?
A specialized cutting tool used to create T-shaped slots in a workpiece, often for fixturing purposes.
64
What is a Fly Cutter?
A single-point cutting tool used for creating flat surfaces during milling operations.
65
What is a Face Mill Cutter?
A multi-insert tool used for high-efficiency face milling operations.
66
What is an Indexable Insert?
A replaceable cutting edge used in tools to minimize downtime and reduce cost.
67
What is Carbide?
A material used for cutting tools, known for its hardness and heat resistance.
68
What is High-Speed Steel (HSS)?
A tool material offering good toughness and wear resistance, commonly used for drills and taps.
69
What is Cermet?
A composite material made of ceramic and metallic components, offering high wear resistance.
70
What is Ceramic?
A non-metallic cutting tool material known for its ability to withstand high temperatures.
71
What is a Coated Tool?
A cutting tool with a protective coating, such as TiN or TiAlN, to enhance performance and tool life.
72
What is an Uncoated Tool?
A cutting tool without protective coatings, suitable for specific machining applications.
73
What is Tool Life?
The duration a cutting tool can perform effectively before requiring replacement.
74
What is a Cutting Edge?
The part of a tool that comes into direct contact with the material being machined.
75
What is Insert Grade?
The classification of cutting tool inserts based on material properties and machining application.
76
What is Tool Wear?
The gradual deterioration of a cutting tool due to friction, heat, and machining forces.
77
What is Runout?
The deviation of a rotating cutting tool from its true axis, affecting machining accuracy.
78
What is Tool Balancing?
The process of ensuring a cutting tool is evenly weighted to minimize vibration and improve accuracy.
79
What is a Dovetail Cutter?
A specialized cutting tool used to create dovetail slots in a workpiece.
80
What is a Ball End Mill?
A cutting tool with a rounded end, used for machining 3D contours and complex surfaces.
81
What is a Corner Radius Tool?
A cutting tool with a rounded edge to reduce stress concentration and improve tool life.
82
What is an Engraving Tool?
A fine cutting tool used for precision marking or engraving on workpieces.
83
What is Micro Milling?
A machining process using very small tools and high precision to produce miniature parts.
84
What is Ultrasonic Machining?
A process using high-frequency vibrations to remove material with abrasive particles.
85
What is High-Speed Machining?
A machining process that uses high cutting speeds and light depths of cut for efficiency.
86
What is Adaptive Machining?
A strategy where the toolpath dynamically adjusts based on material conditions or feedback.
87
What is Dynamic Milling?
A high-efficiency milling technique that uses constant cutter engagement for faster machining.
88
What is Trochoidal Milling?
A machining technique involving a circular toolpath to reduce tool stress and improve efficiency.
89
What is Circular Interpolation?
A CNC motion control method for cutting arcs or circles.
90
What is Linear Interpolation?
A method for moving the cutting tool in a straight line between two points.
91
What is Machine Zero?
The fixed reference point on a CNC machine used for axis calibration.
92
What is Part Zero?
The user-defined reference point on a workpiece used for machining operations.
93
What is Absolute Programming?
A CNC programming mode where all coordinates are referenced from a single fixed point.
94
What is Incremental Programming?
A CNC programming mode where each coordinate is based on the previous position.
95
What does HSK stand for?
HSK: A tool holder interface standard known for its high rigidity and accuracy.
96
What does BT40 refer to?
A widely used tool holder taper standard in CNC milling.
97
What does ATC stand for?
ATC: Automatic Tool Changer - A system that automatically swaps tools in the spindle during machining.
98
What is Swarf?
Chips or shavings produced during machining.
99
What is Chip Evacuation?
The process of removing chips from the cutting area to prevent tool damage and maintain machining efficiency.
100
What is Overtravel?
When a CNC machine axis moves beyond its programmed limit, potentially causing errors or damage.
101
What is a Fixture?
A custom tool or device used to securely hold a workpiece during machining.
102
What is a Tool Crib?
A storage area where cutting tools, tool holders, and other machining accessories are kept.
103
What is Machine Calibration?
The process of checking and adjusting a machine’s accuracy and performance to ensure precision.
104
What is Cycle Time?
The total time required to complete a machining operation or produce a part.
105
What is Material Removal Rate (MRR)?
The volume of material removed per unit of time during machining.
106
What is Preventive Maintenance?
Regularly scheduled maintenance tasks performed to prevent machine failures and downtime.
107
What is Vibration Dampening?
Techniques or devices used to reduce vibrations in CNC machines, improving accuracy and tool life.
108
What is Back Plot?
A feature in CNC software that visualizes the toolpath to ensure accuracy before running the program.
109
What is a Post Processor?
Software that translates CAM output into machine-specific code for CNC execution.
110
What is a DRO (Digital Readout)?
A display system that shows the position of machine axes for manual and CNC operations.
111
What is a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)?
A device used to control various machine operations, such as tool changes and coolant flow.
112
What is an Emergency Stop (E-Stop)?
A safety feature that immediately halts all machine operations in case of an emergency.
113
What are Error Codes?
Diagnostic messages displayed by CNC machines to indicate issues or malfunctions.
114
What is a Chip Conveyor?
A mechanical system that removes chips and debris from the machine during operation.
115
What is a Parts Catcher?
A device in CNC lathes used to catch and retrieve finished parts from the machine.
116
What is a Bar Feeder?
An accessory that automatically feeds material bars into a CNC lathe for continuous machining.
117
What is Live Tooling?
A feature in CNC lathes that allows rotating tools, such as drills or end mills, to perform milling and drilling operations.
118
What is a Y-Axis Lathe?
A CNC lathe with an additional Y-axis for off-center machining capabilities.
119
What is a Multi-Tasking Machine?
A CNC machine that combines milling, turning, and other operations into a single setup.
120
What is a Turn-Mill?
A machine capable of performing both turning and milling operations in one setup.
121
What is a Horizontal Machining Center (HMC)?
A CNC milling machine with a horizontally oriented spindle, ideal for heavy workpieces.
122
What is a Vertical Machining Center (VMC)?
A CNC milling machine with a vertically oriented spindle, commonly used for precision machining.
123
What is a Bridge Mill?
A type of machining center with a large gantry structure for machining large parts.
124
What is a Double Column Mill?
A CNC machine with two vertical columns, offering high rigidity for heavy-duty machining.
125
What is a Portal Mill?
A type of CNC mill where the cutting tool moves along a gantry, suitable for large-scale machining.
126
What is a Tool Presetter?
A device used to measure and set cutting tool dimensions before installing them in the machine.
127
What is a Spindle Nose?
The end of the spindle where the tool holder or workpiece is mounted.
128
What does BT30 refer to?
A taper standard for small to medium-sized CNC machine tool holders.
129
What is Cutter Compensation?
A CNC feature that adjusts the toolpath to account for tool radius or diameter.
130
What is Wear Offset?
A parameter used in CNC machines to compensate for tool wear during machining.
131
What is Fixture Offset?
A CNC setting used to adjust the position of the workpiece or fixture relative to the machine’s coordinates.
132
What is Dynamic Milling?
A high-efficiency milling strategy that maintains consistent cutting engagement for faster, more efficient machining.
133
What is Ra Value?
A measure of surface roughness, indicating the average deviation from a nominal surface.
134
What is True Position?
A GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) term describing the exact location of a feature.
135
What is Flatness?
A GD&T term defining how flat a surface must be within specified limits.
136
What is Parallelism?
A GD&T term defining the allowable deviation between two surfaces that should remain parallel.
137
What is Perpendicularity?
A GD&T term defining the allowable deviation for two surfaces that should remain perpendicular.
138
What is Concentricity?
A GD&T term describing the condition where the central axes of two or more features coincide.
139
What is Cylindricity?
A GD&T term defining the allowable deviation from a perfectly cylindrical surface.
140
What is Datum Shift?
The movement or adjustment of the datum reference to accommodate changes in part setup.
141
What are Carbide Inserts?
Replaceable cutting edges made of carbide, commonly used for turning, milling, and drilling.
142
What is Composite Machining?
The process of machining composite materials.
143
What is the GD&T term defining the allowable deviation for two surfaces that should remain perpendicular?
Perpendicularity
144
What does concentricity refer to in GD&T?
A GD&T term describing the condition where the central axes of two or more features coincide.
145
What is cylindricity in GD&T?
A GD&T term defining the allowable deviation from a perfectly cylindrical surface.
146
What is datum shift?
The movement or adjustment of the datum reference to accommodate changes in part setup.
147
What are carbide inserts?
Replaceable cutting edges made of carbide, commonly used for turning, milling, and drilling.
148
What is composite machining?
The process of machining composite materials like carbon fiber, fiberglass, or Kevlar.
149
What is smart machining?
The integration of sensors and data analytics to optimize machining processes in real-time.
150
What does spindle load refer to?
The amount of force or torque applied to the spindle during machining, often monitored to avoid damage.
151
What is high-efficiency milling (HEM)?
A milling strategy that uses optimized toolpaths and light radial engagement to improve material removal rates and tool life.
152
What is helical interpolation?
A machining method where the tool moves in a spiral pattern, often used for machining holes or threads.
153
What is cycle time optimization?
The process of minimizing machining time while maintaining quality and precision.
154
What is a machine enclosure?
The protective housing surrounding a CNC machine to contain chips, coolant, and noise.
155
What is a chip breaker?
A feature on cutting tools designed to break chips into smaller, more manageable pieces during machining.
156
What is chip thinning?
A cutting strategy that reduces the thickness of chips by optimizing feed rates and tool engagement.
157
What is tool deflection?
The bending or displacement of a cutting tool due to machining forces, which can affect accuracy.
158
What is part deflection?
The bending or deformation of the workpiece under machining forces, often requiring compensation.
159
What is vibration analysis?
The process of monitoring and reducing vibrations during machining to improve surface finish and tool life.
160
What is resonance in machining?
A condition where machine vibrations match the natural frequency of components, causing instability.
161
What is a safety interlock?
A safety feature that prevents machine operation when protective covers or doors are open.
162
What is a manual pulse generator (MPG)?
A handheld device used to manually control CNC machine axes for precise positioning.
163
What are error logs?
Recorded data about machine errors, used for troubleshooting and maintenance.
164
What is tool change time?
The time required to swap one tool for another during a machining cycle.
165
What is preventive tool maintenance?
Regular inspection and care of cutting tools to extend their lifespan and maintain performance.
166
What is cutting fluid?
A liquid applied during machining to reduce friction, cool the tool, and improve surface finish.
167
What is a dry run?
A machine test where the toolpaths are executed without cutting material to ensure program accuracy.
168
What is fixture alignment?
The process of positioning and securing a fixture on the machine to ensure proper machining.
169
What are gauge blocks?
Precision tools used for calibrating and verifying machine accuracy.
170
What is a roughness tester?
A device used to measure the surface finish of machined parts.
171
What is hardness testing?
The process of determining a material’s resistance to deformation, often using Rockwell or Brinell scales.
172
What is material toughness?
A measure of a material’s ability to absorb energy and resist fracture.
173
What is ductility?
The ability of a material to deform under tensile stress without breaking.
174
What is heat treatment?
A process of heating and cooling materials to alter their physical or mechanical properties.
175
What is stress relief?
A heat treatment process used to reduce internal stresses in a material after machining or welding.
176
What is cutter engagement?
The portion of the tool in contact with the material, which affects cutting forces and heat generation.
177
What is work offset?
A CNC setting used to define the position of the workpiece relative to the machine’s coordinate system.
178
What is tool offset?
A parameter used to adjust the position of the tool relative to the spindle or workpiece.
179
What is rapid traverse rate?
The speed at which the machine moves its axes when not cutting, for fast positioning.
180
What is error compensation?
Adjustments made in CNC programming to correct for machine inaccuracies or environmental factors.
181
What is spindle speed override?
A control feature that allows real-time adjustment of spindle speed during machining.
182
What is feed rate override?
A control feature that allows real-time adjustment of feed rates during machining.
183
What is part probing?
The use of a probe to measure features on a workpiece for setup or quality control.
184
What is a calibration fixture?
A specialized tool used to calibrate CNC machine components for precision.
185
What is automation integration?
The incorporation of robotic systems or conveyors to enhance CNC machine efficiency.
186
What is lights-out machining?
The ability of CNC machines to operate unattended during non-working hours.
187
What is IoT-enabled CNC?
CNC machines connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) for remote monitoring and analytics.
188
What is predictive maintenance?
The use of data and sensors to anticipate and prevent machine failures.
189
What is CNC simulation software?
Software that provides a virtual representation of CNC operations to detect errors before production.
190
What does GD&T stand for?
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing - A standardized system for defining part features and tolerances.
191
What is profile tolerance in GD&T?
A GD&T term defining the allowable deviation of a surface from its designed shape.
192
What is axis homing?
The process of returning CNC machine axes to their home positions for accurate operation.
193
What is a work coordinate system (WCS)?
A user-defined coordinate system used for part programming and machining.
194
What is a tool setter?
A device used to measure and set tool dimensions for accurate machining.
195
What is spindle orientation?
The specific rotational position of the spindle, used for tool changes or certain machining operations.
196
What is circular pocketing?
A milling operation to create circular cavities in a workpiece.
197
What is a part program?
The complete set of instructions or code used to control a CNC machine for a specific job.
198
What is a subprogram?
A smaller, reusable portion of a CNC program that performs a specific task.
199
What is a fixture base?
The foundation of a fixture that provides stability and support during machining.
200
What is machine vibration?
Oscillations caused by machine components during operation, which can affect accuracy and surface finish.
201
What is a bar puller?
A device used in CNC lathes to pull material bars into position for machining.
202
What is material toughness?
A material's ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing under stress.
203
What is high-feed milling?
A cutting strategy with low axial depth of cut but high feed rates for efficient material removal.
204
What is cold working?
A process of strengthening materials through deformation at room temperature.
205
What is hot working?
A process of shaping materials at high temperatures to improve ductility and reduce hardness.
206
What is toolpath optimization?
Adjusting toolpaths to maximize efficiency, accuracy, and tool life.
207
What is an edge finder?
A tool used to locate the edges of a workpiece for accurate positioning.
208
What is a fixture locating pin?
A pin used to precisely position a workpiece on a fixture for consistent machining.
209
What is modular fixturing?
A system of interchangeable fixturing components for flexible and quick setups.
210
What is a rotary table?
A device used to rotate a workpiece for machining on multiple faces without resetting.
211
What is indexing?
The process of rotating a workpiece or tool to a precise angular position.
212
What is a chip load calculator?
A tool or software used to determine the optimal chip load for specific materials and tools.
213
What is stock material?
The raw material used for machining parts, such as bars, sheets, or blocks.
214
What is a setup sheet?
Documentation outlining the steps, tools, and parameters required for a machining job.
215
What is heat-treated steel?
Steel that has undergone heat treatment to improve strength, hardness, or wear resistance.
216
What is hard turning?
A machining process performed on hardened materials, typically using ceramic or CBN tools.
217
What is a wear pattern?
The specific way a tool wears down during machining, which can indicate proper or improper cutting conditions.
218
What is thread rolling?
A cold-forming process to produce threads by displacing material rather than cutting it.
219
What is thread tapping?
A machining process for cutting threads inside a pre-drilled hole.
220
What is thread gauging?
The process of measuring threads to ensure they meet dimensional and functional requirements.
221
What is insert tooling?
Tools that use replaceable inserts, reducing downtime and cost compared to solid tools.
222
What is coolant filtration?
The process of removing contaminants from coolant to maintain machining efficiency and prolong tool life.
223
What is a safety shield?
A protective barrier that prevents chips and coolant from leaving the machining area.
224
What is an automatic lubrication system?
A system that automatically applies lubricant to machine components to reduce wear.
225
What are axis limits?
The maximum and minimum travel distances for a machine’s axes, ensuring safe operation.
226
What is a step clamp?
A clamp used to secure workpieces on a CNC machine table, often adjustable for height.
227
What is a vacuum chuck?
A work-holding device that uses vacuum pressure to secure flat or irregular parts during machining.
228
What is a fixture key?
A feature on a fixture used to align it with the machine table for consistent setups.
229
What is a custom macro?
A user-defined subprogram in CNC programming used to automate repetitive tasks.
230
What is a gantry mill?
A type of large CNC machine where the cutting tool moves along a gantry structure.
231
What is laser calibration?
The process of using a laser to measure and adjust a CNC machine’s accuracy.
232
What is shop floor control?
Systems used to manage and monitor production activities in a machining facility.
233
What is a horizontal boring mill?
A large machine used for boring and machining large, heavy workpieces.
234
What is a CNC lathe?
A CNC machine used primarily for turning operations to create cylindrical parts.
235
What is a linear encoder?
A device that measures the linear position of a machine axis with high precision.
236
What is a rotary encoder?
A sensor that measures rotational motion and position, commonly used for spindles and motors.
237
What is a fulcrum point?
The balance point used in leveraging machining forces or in fixturing setups.
238
What is an automatic pallet changer (APC)?
A device used to exchange workpieces or fixtures on a CNC machine to reduce downtime.
239
What is feed hold?
A machine control feature that temporarily stops the movement of the machine axes without stopping the spindle.
240
What is a work envelope?
The maximum area or volume in which a CNC machine can operate.
241
What is a stepper pulley?
A pulley used in CNC systems to change speeds by altering the belt position.
242
What is interpolation?
The method of moving a CNC machine’s axes simultaneously to create complex shapes.
243
What is an inverse time feed rate?
A programming method where feed rate is calculated based on time rather than distance.
244
What is a servo loop?
A closed-loop feedback system used in CNC machines to ensure precise motion control.
245
What is a linear actuator?
A device that creates linear motion, commonly used in CNC axes.
246
What is a CNC panel?
The interface on a CNC machine where operators control and monitor machining processes.
247
What is a chip auger?
A screw conveyor used to remove chips from the machining area efficiently.
248
What is contour milling?
A machining operation where the tool follows a predefined curved path to create complex shapes.
249
What is through-spindle coolant (TSC)?
A system that delivers coolant directly through the spindle to the cutting tool for improved cooling and chip evacuation.
250
What is radial drilling?
A drilling method used to create holes along a circular path.
251
What is spherical milling?
A machining process used to create spherical shapes or contours.
252
What is a belt drive spindle?
A spindle driven by a belt system for transferring rotational power from the motor.
253
What is a direct drive spindle?
A spindle directly connected to the motor for improved speed and torque control.
254
What is hybrid machining?
A combination of machining processes (e.g., milling and additive manufacturing) in a single machine.
255
What is incremental jogging?
A manual control feature that moves CNC axes in small, precise increments.
256
What is an electronic handwheel?
A device that allows operators to manually control CNC machine movements for fine adjustments.
257
What is dwell time?
A programmed pause in the tool’s movement to allow for specific operations, like cooling or settling.
258
What is auto-leveling?
A feature in advanced CNC machines that adjusts the cutting tool to compensate for surface irregularities.
259
What is a datum plane?
A reference plane used to define the starting point for machining operations.
260
What is a relief angle?
The angle ground on the cutting edge of a tool to reduce friction with the workpiece.
261
What is spindle torque?
The rotational force provided by the spindle, critical for heavy machining operations.
262
What is heat-activated fixturing?
A fixturing method that uses thermal expansion or adhesives to secure workpieces.
263
What are electrospindles?
High-speed spindles powered by integrated electric motors, commonly used for precise machining.
264
What is parallel turning?
A lathe operation where multiple tools or spindles work simultaneously on a single part.
265
What is variable pitch tooling?
Cutting tools with varying flute or tooth spacing to reduce vibrations during machining.
266
What is high-density workholding?
Fixturing that allows multiple parts to be machined in a single setup to improve productivity.
267
What is tool crib management?
Software or systems used to track and manage cutting tools and consumables efficiently.
268
What is 3+2 machining?
A method of 5-axis machining where three axes are interpolated while the other two are fixed.
269
What are hydrostatic guideways?
A type of linear guide system that uses a thin film of fluid to reduce friction and wear.
270
What are machine dampeners?
Devices or materials used to reduce machine vibrations during high-precision operations.
271
What is hobbing?
A machining process used to create gears or splines by generating cutting motions with a specialized tool.
272
What is face grooving?
A machining process used to cut grooves or recesses on the face of a workpiece.
273
What is a sub-spindle?
An additional spindle in CNC lathes used for secondary operations or part transfer.
274
What is gantry CNC?
A large-format CNC machine where the cutting head moves along a gantry structure for machining large parts.
275
What is a pallet pool?
A system of multiple pallets that allow for continuous machining by swapping workpieces automatically.
276
What is laser hardening?
A surface-hardening process that uses lasers to heat-treat specific areas of a part.
277
What is electrochemical machining (ECM)?
A non-traditional machining process that removes material using electrochemical reactions.
278
What is axis synchronization?
The coordination of multiple machine axes to perform simultaneous machining operations.
279
What is laser engraving?
A process that uses a focused laser beam to etch patterns or text onto a workpiece.
280
What is thermal displacement compensation?
A system that adjusts for thermal expansion in CNC machines to maintain accuracy.
281
What is a linear motor drive?
A type of drive system that uses electromagnetic force to move CNC axes without mechanical components.
282
What is pin gauging?
A precision measurement technique using calibrated pins to check hole dimensions.
283
What is barstock machining?
A machining process using cylindrical raw materials, often in CNC lathes.
284
What is tool runout compensation?
Adjustments made in CNC programming to offset deviations in tool rotation.
285
What is multi-layer coating?
Advanced coatings applied to cutting tools to improve wear resistance and heat dissipation.
286
What is worm gear machining?
A process to create worm gears using specialized cutters and machines.
287
What is nano machining?
Ultra-precision machining processes used to achieve sub-micron tolerances and surface finishes.
288
What is a turnkey solution?
A fully integrated machining solution delivered ready for immediate use.
289
What is a mill-turn center?
A CNC machine that combines milling and turning capabilities.
290
What is wire EDM?
Electrical Discharge Machining that uses a thin wire to cut complex profiles.
291
What is sinker EDM?
An EDM process where an electrode sinks into the material to form cavities.
292
What is a Swiss lathe?
A CNC lathe designed for high-precision machining of small, complex parts.
293
What is Ultra-precision machining?
Ultra-precision machining processes used to achieve sub-micron tolerances and surface finishes.
294
What is a Turnkey Solution?
A fully integrated machining solution delivered ready for immediate use.
295
What is a Mill-Turn Center?
A CNC machine that combines milling and turning capabilities.
296
What is Wire EDM?
Electrical Discharge Machining that uses a thin wire to cut complex profiles.
297
What is Sinker EDM?
An EDM process where an electrode sinks into the material to form cavities.
298
What is a Swiss Lathe?
A CNC lathe designed for high-precision machining of small, complex parts.
299
What is a 4th Axis Rotary Table?
An accessory that adds a rotary axis to a 3-axis mill, enabling machining on multiple faces.
300
What is a 5-Axis Trunnion?
A CNC configuration where the table tilts and rotates to allow multi-axis machining.
301
What is a Vertical Turning Lathe (VTL)?
A CNC lathe designed for large, heavy workpieces with vertical spindles.
302
What is Machine Utilization Rate?
The percentage of time a CNC machine is actively running compared to idle.
303
What is Return on Investment (ROI)?
The financial benefit gained from purchasing a CNC machine, expressed as a ratio or percentage.
304
What is Payback Period?
The time it takes for a CNC machine to generate enough profit to cover its cost.
305
What is Industry 4.0?
The integration of smart technologies like IoT, AI, and data analytics in manufacturing.
306
What is Cycle Time Reduction?
Strategies used to minimize the time required for machining operations.
307
What is Setup Reduction?
Techniques to decrease the time spent preparing a machine for a job.
308
What is Spindle Uptime?
The amount of time a spindle is actively machining, a key performance metric for CNC machines.
309
What is CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride)?
A superabrasive material used for cutting extremely hard metals.
310
What is PCD (Polycrystalline Diamond)?
A cutting tool material ideal for non-ferrous metals and composites.
311
What is Tool Nose Radius?
The rounded tip of a cutting tool that affects surface finish and tool strength.
312
What is Chatter?
Vibration marks on a machined surface caused by unstable cutting conditions.
313
What is Helix Angle?
The angle of a tool's flutes, affecting chip evacuation and cutting forces.
314
What is Toolholder Taper?
The angle or design of a toolholder that secures it in the spindle (e.g., BT, CAT, HSK).
315
What is Coating Thickness?
The depth of the protective coating on a cutting tool, affecting tool life and performance.
316
What is a High-Torque Spindle?
A spindle designed for heavy-duty machining of tough materials.
317
What are Linear Scales?
Precision feedback devices that ensure accurate axis positioning.
318
What is Thermal Stability?
A machine's ability to maintain accuracy despite temperature changes.
319
What is a Probing Cycle?
Automated routines using touch probes to measure and align parts.
320
What is High-Pressure Coolant (HPC)?
A system that delivers coolant at high pressure to improve chip evacuation and cooling.
321
What is Rigid Tapping?
A CNC feature that ensures synchronized movement of the spindle and feed during tapping operations.
322
What are Cobots?
Collaborative robots designed to work alongside human operators in machining environments.
323
What is a Pallet Changer?
An automated system that swaps workpieces or fixtures, reducing idle time.
324
What is a Robotic Arm?
A programmable device used for part handling and machine tending.
325
What is a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)?
A system that automates material handling and production scheduling across multiple machines.
326
What is Lights-Out Manufacturing?
Fully automated production that operates unattended, typically overnight.
327
What is Tool Monitoring?
Systems that track tool wear and breakage to optimize performance and prevent downtime.
328
What is NC Code Optimization?
Fine-tuning G-code to maximize machine performance and efficiency.
329
What is CAD/CAM Integration?
The seamless connection between design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) software.
330
What is a Post-Processor?
Software that translates CAM data into machine-specific G-code.
331
What is Conversational Programming?
A user-friendly programming method available on some CNC machines.
332
What is DNC (Direct Numerical Control)?
A system that sends programs directly to multiple CNC machines over a network.
333
What is Cloud-Based CNC Monitoring?
Remote monitoring and analysis of machine performance using cloud technologies.
334
What is Capacity Planning?
Evaluating a customer's production needs to recommend the right machine size and features.
335
What are Custom Solutions?
CNC configurations tailored to meet specific production requirements.
336
What is Fixture Design Service?
Offering design and manufacturing of custom fixtures for specialized jobs.
337
What are Training Packages?
Programs offered by CNC dealers to train customers on machine operation and programming.
338
What are Warranty Terms?
The scope of repair and maintenance services covered after the sale of a CNC machine.
339
What is Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)?
A measure of how efficiently a machine operates, factoring in availability, performance, and quality.
340
What is First Pass Yield?
The percentage of parts produced correctly without rework on the first attempt.
341
What is Lean Manufacturing?
A production methodology aimed at minimizing waste and maximizing value.
342
What is Scrap Rate?
The percentage of parts that fail to meet quality standards and are discarded.
343
What is Capacity Utilization?
The percentage of a manufacturing facility's total production capacity that is actually being used.
344
What is Takt Time?
The rate at which products need to be completed to meet customer demand, calculated as available production time divided by customer demand.
345
What is Lead Time?
The total time from receiving an order to delivering the final product to the customer.
346
What is Cycle Time?
The time required to complete a single unit of production or a specific operation.
347
What is Throughput?
The number of units produced by a manufacturing process in a given period.
348
What is First Pass Yield (FPY)?
The percentage of units produced correctly without requiring rework or repair on the first attempt.
349
What is Defect Density?
The number of defects identified in a product or batch divided by the total number of units inspected.
350
What is Downtime?
The time during which a machine or process is not operational due to maintenance, breakdowns, or other issues.
351
What is Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)?
The average time between equipment breakdowns or failures, used to evaluate reliability.
352
What is Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)?
The average time required to repair a machine or system and return it to operation.
353
What is Production Rate?
The number of units produced per hour or shift.
354
What is Setup Time?
The time required to prepare equipment or processes for a new production run.
355
What is Order Fulfillment Rate?
The percentage of customer orders that are completed and delivered on time.
356
What is Yield?
The percentage of products that meet quality standards out of the total produced.
357
What is Cost Per Unit (CPU)?
The total cost of manufacturing divided by the number of units produced.
358
What is Labor Productivity?
The output produced per labor hour or employee.
359
What is Energy Consumption per Unit?
The amount of energy used to produce one unit of output.
360
What is Work in Progress (WIP)?
The number of products or materials currently being worked on within the production process.
361
What is Stock Turnover Ratio?
The rate at which inventory is used and replaced over a specific period.
362
What is Planned Downtime Ratio?
The percentage of total downtime attributed to scheduled maintenance or activities.
363
What is On-Time Delivery (OTD)?
The percentage of orders delivered to customers on or before the promised delivery date.
364
What is Inventory Accuracy?
The degree to which the recorded inventory matches the actual physical inventory.
365
What is Changeover Time?
The time taken to switch from manufacturing one product to another.
366
What is Product Mix Efficiency?
The ability to efficiently produce multiple product variations or SKUs within the same facility.
367
What is Run Time Efficiency?
The percentage of time a machine or production line is operational and running at full speed.
368
What is Rework Rate?
The percentage of units that require rework or adjustments after initial production.
369
What is Planned vs. Actual Production?
A comparison of planned production output to the actual production achieved.
370
What is Safety Incident Rate?
The number of safety incidents or near-misses reported per period, often normalized per 1,000 labor hours.
371
What is Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ)?
The financial impact of producing defective products, including rework, scrap, and warranty claims.
372
What is Demand Forecast Accuracy?
The accuracy of predicting customer demand versus actual demand realized.
373
What is Lot Size Efficiency?
The effectiveness of producing in batch sizes that optimize production and minimize waste.
374
What is Equipment Downtime Cost?
The financial impact of machine downtime on production and overall revenue.
375
What is Resource Utilization Rate?
The percentage of available resources (labor, machines, materials) being used effectively.
376
What is Scheduling Adherence?
The percentage of production activities completed on schedule.
377
What is Return on Assets (ROA)?
A financial metric indicating how efficiently assets are used to generate profit.
378
What are Quality Escapes?
The number of defective products that reach the customer, impacting customer satisfaction.
379
What is Standard Operating Efficiency (SOE)?
The percentage of production time used to produce units at the standard rate.
380
What is Overproduction Rate?
The percentage of products manufactured beyond customer demand, leading to potential waste.
381
What is Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)?
The complete cost of purchasing, operating, and maintaining a CNC machine over its lifetime.
382
What is Payback Analysis?
A calculation showing how quickly a customer will recoup their investment in a CNC machine based on increased efficiency and output.
383
What is Capital Equipment Financing?
Financing options available for purchasing CNC machines, often involving leases or loans.
384
What is Section 179 Tax Deduction?
A tax benefit that allows businesses to deduct the full purchase price of qualifying CNC machines in the year they are purchased.
385
What is Application Engineering?
Providing custom solutions tailored to the customer’s specific machining needs.
386
What is a Production Bottleneck?
A stage in production where capacity limitations reduce overall throughput.
387
What is Lead Time Reduction?
Strategies or machine capabilities that decrease the time required from order to delivery.
388
What is Cost Per Part (CPP)?
The total cost to produce a single unit, including material, machine time, and labor.
389
What is Throughput Maximization?
Techniques to increase the number of parts produced in a given timeframe.
390
What is Multi-Tasking Machining?
CNC machines capable of performing multiple processes (e.g., milling, turning, drilling) in a single setup.
391
What is High-Mix, Low-Volume Production?
Manufacturing a variety of parts in small quantities, common in job shops.
392
What is Batch Processing?
Producing parts in set quantities or lots to optimize efficiency and minimize setup time.
393
What is Adaptive Machining?
A feature that dynamically adjusts cutting parameters based on real-time feedback.
394
What is Rapid Prototyping?
Using CNC machines to quickly produce prototypes for design validation and testing.
395
What is Tool Life Monitoring?
A feature that tracks tool wear and predicts when replacement or maintenance is needed.
396
What is Aerospace Machining?
CNC processes designed for lightweight materials like titanium and aluminum, requiring high precision.
397
What is Medical Device Machining?
CNC operations for producing complex, small-scale medical components with stringent tolerances.
398
What is Automotive Machining?
High-volume CNC operations for engine components, gears, and drivetrain parts.
399
What is Oil and Gas Machining?
Heavy-duty CNC machining for components like valves, pumps, and pipelines.
400
What is Defense Manufacturing?
Producing military-grade parts, often requiring compliance with strict government standards.
401
What are Job Shop Solutions?
Customizable CNC machine packages aimed at smaller businesses serving diverse industries.
402
What is Machine Flexibility?
The ability to switch between different part types or materials quickly.
403
What is Scalability?
How CNC machines can grow with a customer’s production needs.
404
What are Uptime Guarantees?
Highlighting service agreements or machine reliability to minimize downtime.
405
What is Lifetime Training?
Offering free or discounted training for machine operators throughout the lifespan of the CNC machine.
406
What is Warranty Coverage?
Explaining parts, labor, and service warranties that come with the CNC machine purchase.
407
What is an Automatic Tool Changer (ATC)?
A feature that automatically swaps tools during machining, saving time and labor.
408
What is a Pallet Changing System?
A system that allows quick swapping of workpieces to reduce downtime.
409
What is Spindle Power?
The motor capacity of the spindle, critical for heavy machining operations.
410
What is Through-Spindle Coolant (TSC)?
A system delivering coolant directly through the spindle to the cutting tool.
411
What are Probing Systems?
Tools for measuring and setting workpiece positions, improving accuracy and efficiency.
412
What is High-Speed Machining (HSM)?
A process that uses higher cutting speeds for improved throughput and reduced heat generation.
413
What is Thermal Compensation?
A feature that adjusts for temperature changes to maintain machine accuracy.
414
What are Reduced Setup Times?
CNC machines designed for fast, repeatable setups.
415
What is Energy Efficiency?
Highlighting CNC machines with lower energy consumption to reduce operational costs.
416
What is Custom Software Integration?
Providing CNC software solutions tailored to the customer’s existing systems.
417
What is Service Availability?
Emphasizing local technicians or remote troubleshooting capabilities for quick repairs.
418
What is Spare Parts Stocking?
Maintaining an inventory of spare parts for fast replacements and minimal downtime.
419
What are Automation Upgrades?
Offering options for robotic arms, conveyors, or other automation tools to enhance machine efficiency.
420
What are Customer Testimonials?
Sharing success stories of similar businesses that have benefitted from the CNC machine.
421
What are Shop Floor Visits?
Visiting customer facilities to assess needs and recommend solutions based on firsthand observations.
422
What are ROI Calculations?
Providing detailed cost-benefit analyses tailored to the customer’s specific operations.
423
What are Trial Runs?
Offering demo machining of customer parts to showcase machine capabilities.
424
What is On-Site Training?
Training operators and engineers at the customer’s facility to ensure smooth operation.
425
What are Flexible Payment Plans?
Presenting financing or leasing options that make CNC machines more accessible.
426
What are Aftermarket Sales Opportunities?
Promoting additional products like fixturing, toolholders, or cutting tools for enhanced performance.
427
What is Shear Angle?
The angle at which material is cut, affecting chip formation and surface finish.
428
What is Helical Flute?
Spiral grooves on a cutting tool that enhance chip evacuation and reduce cutting forces.
429
What is Coated Carbide?
A cutting tool material combining carbide with a coating, offering enhanced heat resistance and longer tool life.
430
What is an Indexable Drill?
A drill with replaceable cutting edges for cost efficiency and flexibility in drilling applications.
431
What is a Form Tool?
A specialized cutting tool designed to create a specific shape or contour in a single pass.
432
What is Chip Welding?
The adhesion of chips to the cutting edge, often caused by high heat or inadequate lubrication.
433
What is Tool Edge Radius?
The curvature at the tool's cutting edge, influencing chip formation and surface finish.
434
What is a Brazed Tool?
A cutting tool with a carbide tip brazed to a steel shank for durability.
435
What is Variable Flute Geometry?
Flute designs with varying spacing to reduce chatter during machining.
436
What is a Negative Rake Angle?
A cutting tool angle that increases edge strength for machining hard materials.
437
What is Renishaw Probing?
A high-precision probing system used for part setup and in-process inspection.
438
What is Full Enclosure?
A machine feature that completely encloses the work area to enhance safety and contain chips and coolant.
439
What is a Gear Head Spindle?
A spindle with a gear mechanism to provide higher torque for heavy-duty machining.
440
What are Linear Roller Bearings?
Bearings that reduce friction and improve motion accuracy in CNC machines.
441
What is Adaptive Feed Control?
A system that dynamically adjusts cutting parameters based on real-time feedback.
442
What is an Ake Angle?
A cutting tool angle that increases edge strength for machining hard materials.
443
What is a Full Enclosure?
A machine feature that completely encloses the work area to enhance safety and contain chips and coolant.
444
What is Adaptive Feed Control?
A system that dynamically adjusts feed rates based on cutting conditions to optimize performance.
445
What is Through-Tool Air Blast (TTA)?
A system that uses compressed air through the cutting tool for chip evacuation in dry machining.
446
What is Sub-Micron Accuracy?
A level of machine precision measured in fractions of a micron, ideal for ultra-precision parts.
447
What is In-Machine Gauging?
Measurement systems integrated into the CNC machine for real-time part inspection.
448
What is Constant Surface Speed (CSS)?
A feature that maintains consistent cutting speeds as the tool radius changes.
449
What is Hydraulic Workholding?
A system that uses hydraulic pressure to secure workpieces with consistent clamping force.
450
What is a Zero-Point Clamping System?
A fixturing system that allows rapid and repeatable workpiece setups.
451
What is a Machine Vision System?
Cameras and software used to monitor and adjust machining operations automatically.
452
What is an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)?
A robotic system used to transport materials between CNC machines.
453
What are Swappable Tool Magazines?
Additional tool magazines that can be swapped to increase the tool capacity of a machine.
454
What is Pneumatic Workholding?
A workholding system that uses air pressure for quick and efficient clamping.
455
What is a Digital Twin?
A virtual representation of a CNC machine used for planning, simulation, and monitoring.
456
What is Tool Management Software?
Software designed to track and optimize cutting tool usage across multiple machines.
457
What is Autonomous Machine Maintenance?
A feature where machines monitor their health and request maintenance automatically.
458
What is a Multi-Pallet System?
A system that allows several pallets to be loaded for continuous machining without operator intervention.
459
What is a Cobotic Workcell?
A collaborative robotic cell that integrates CNC machines and cobots for shared workflows.
460
What is Simulation-Driven Programming?
A CAM feature that simulates toolpaths and predicts potential issues before machining.
461
What is Intelligent Toolpath Planning?
Software algorithms that optimize toolpath efficiency and reduce machining time.
462
What is Reverse Post-Processing?
A feature that converts G-code back into editable CAM data for modifications.
463
What is Dynamic Nesting?
Software for optimizing the arrangement of parts on a sheet or plate to reduce waste.
464
What is Parametric Programming?
CNC programming using variables and equations for flexible part creation.
465
What is Custom Macro B?
An advanced CNC macro language used for complex automated operations.
466
What is a Graphical Toolpath Editor?
A visual tool for modifying toolpaths directly within CAM software.
467
What are Integrated CAD/CAM Systems?
A single platform that combines design and manufacturing tools for seamless workflow.
468
What is Cloud-Based CAM?
CAM software hosted on the cloud, allowing access and collaboration from multiple locations.
469
What is Collision Detection Software?
A simulation tool that predicts and prevents tool or machine collisions.
470
What is a Horizontal Turning Center?
A CNC lathe designed for horizontal turning of long or heavy parts.
471
What is a Twin-Spindle Lathe?
A CNC lathe with two spindles for machining both sides of a part without manual intervention.
472
What is a Vertical Boring Mill (VBM)?
A large machine used for machining oversized parts with vertical spindles.
473
What is a Universal Machining Center?
A CNC machine capable of performing both horizontal and vertical machining in a single setup.
474
What is a Hybrid Additive-Subtractive Machine?
A CNC machine that combines 3D printing with traditional machining for versatile production.
475
What is a Bridge-Type Mill?
A CNC mill with a fixed table and a moving bridge for machining large parts.
476
What is a Travelling Column Mill?
A CNC mill where the column moves along the workpiece, suitable for long parts.
477
What is a Mini CNC Mill?
A compact CNC mill designed for small-scale parts and prototyping.
478
What is a Gantry-Type CNC Machine?
A large CNC machine where the cutting head moves along a gantry for machining large workpieces.
479
What is a Laser-Hybrid CNC?
A CNC machine that combines laser cutting with traditional machining for high precision and flexibility.
