Cnidaria To Cephalopoda Flashcards
(31 cards)
what are the characteristics of animals
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
No cell walls
Motile (at some point…)
Blastula stage
What are Porifera?
sponges
8500 species
Lack true tissue layers
lack symmetry
three groups: Demosphonges (90% of sponges, freshwater and marine), Glass sponges (marine), Calcarea (marine)
What is the body plan of Porifera and their cell types?
body plan:
spongocoel (central cavity),
Ostia (pores),
Spicules (skeleton)
Mesohyl (main body wall)
Cell types:
Pinacocytes
Choanocytes
Archeocytes
Cnidaria?
Characterized by stinging cells called nematocysts
groups include:
Anthozoans - sea anemones, sea pens, and corals
Scyphozoans - jellyfish
Hydrozoans - Obelia and Hydra
Cubozoans - box jellies
What is a tissue?
a group of cells that have a specific function
during development, differentiate from 2-3 layers of the embryo
What are the germ layers of tissues?
Ectoderm (epidermal layer of skin)
mesoderm (muscle, bone, kidneys, blood, gonalds, connective tissues)
endoderm (lining of the gut, the liver, and the lungs)
What are the different tissue types?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What are Diploblasts?
Animals with 2 germ layers
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Jellyfish
Corals
Sea Anemones
Comb Jellies
What are Triploblast?
animals with 3 germ layers:
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Protostomes (Mollusks, Annelids, Arthopords)
Deuterostomes echinoderms, chordates)
Protostomes development
Eight-cell stage is spiral and determinate
Blastopore becomes the mouth
Schizocoelom formation
Deuterostomes development
Eight-cell stage is radial and indeterminate
Blastopore becomes anus
Enterocoelous coelom formation
(ass to mouth)
what are the different types of tissue cells?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What is Epithelial Tissue?
derived from both endoderm and ectoderm
Covers surfaces: both outsides of the body and surfaces of organs
barrier and protective layer
what is epithelial tissue classified by:
cell type:
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
number of layers:
simple
stratified
pseudostratified
What is Connective Tissue?
Derived from mesoderm
mainly cell products - extracellular matrix (Collagen)
Binds, supports, protects, insulates, stores fuel, transports substances
Muscle Tissue
Performs work through contractions ==> Actin & Myosin
Smooth Muscle:
involuntary
GI tract, blood vessels, other vessels
Striated/Skeletal Muscle => Voluntary
Cardiac Muscle:
Involuntary
Only found in the heart
Neural Tissue
made up of neurons and glial cells
carry electrical signals via axons to communicate with other cells:
other neurons
muscle cells
secretory cells
Glial Cells: do not carry signals but support neurons
What are Amphiuma?
Amphiuma are amphibians; Eels are fish
Longest Salamander Species in the US = Congo Eels
2 pairs of diminutive legs
Vicious bite but not venomous
What are Lophotrochozoans?
one of the protostome groups
bilateral symmetry
Many species possess one or both of:
Trocophore, planktonic larval stage
Lophophore, tuft-like structure that surrounds mouth and helps with feeding
What is a Coelom?
a true coelom is a body cavity surrounded by mesodermderived tissue on all sides
Lophotrochozoans may be:
acoelomate (flatworm)
pseudocoelomate (roundworm)
coelomate (earthworm)
Rotifera
may be as small as unicellular
corona (crown) of cilia that beat in synchrony to draw in prey
triploblastic pseudocoelomates
Complex internal anatomy:
Full gut for digestion
Strictly asexual reproduction
Beat cilia to move
Additional fun facts:
no gas exchange system
well-developed excretory system
Platyhelminthes
flatworms
classes:
turbellaria
Monogenea
Trematoda
Cestoda
Triploblastic acoelomates
2-way digestive tract
what is the class Turbellaria?
platyhelminthes
Planaria
Mostly nonparasitic and marine
Predatory or scavengers
Ciliated body surface
What is the class Trematoda?
a platyhelminthes
flukes
obligate parasites:
mostly vertebrate host
attach to host with suckers
In humans, cause schistosomiasis
