CNNA CHAPTER 1 (PASAR) Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
A _______ can replace the hub, breaking up collision domains.
A
Switch
2
Q
True or False
Hubs don’t segment a network, they just connect network segments together
A
True
3
Q
_____ are used to connect network together and route packets of data from one network to another.
A
Routers
4
Q
_____ break up a broadcast domain by default.
A
Routers
5
Q
It is the set of all devices on a network that hear all the broadcast sent on that segment.
A
Broadcast domain
6
Q
____ can also use packet filtering by using access lists. They also use routing table to make path selections and to forward packets to networks.
A
Routers
7
Q
It is the map of internetwork
A
Routing table
8
Q
It make a LAN network better by optimizing its performance and providing more bandwidth for the LAN’s users.
A
Switch
9
Q
_____ break up collision domains
A
Switch
10
Q
Switches break up ____ domains and routers break up ____ domains.
A
collision, broadcast
11
Q
Switches and ____ basically do the same thing
A
bridges
12
Q
Layer where the users actually communicate with the computer
A
Application layer
13
Q
Presents data to the application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting
A
Presentation layer
14
Q
Responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down sessions between presentation layer entities.
A
Session layer
15
Q
Provides end-to-end data transport services and can establish a logical connection between the sending host and destination host of an internetwork.
A
Transport layer
16
Q
Two protocols that work under transport layer
A
TCP and UDP
17
Q
Layer at which data integrity is ensured by maintaining flow control
A
Transport layer
18
Q
Prevents a sending host from one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host.
A
Flow control
19
Q
When a machine receives a flood of datagrams too quickly for it to process it stores them in a memory section called a _____.
A
buffer
20
Q
The quantity of data segments that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgement for the is called a ______.
A
Window
21
Q
They are used to control the amount of outstanding, unacknowledged data segements
A
Windows
22
Q
Used to transport user data through the internetwork
A
Data packets
23
Q
Used to update neighboring routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork.
A
Route update packets
24
Q
Protocol-specifi ……???
A
Network Addresses
25
Manage device addressing, tracks the location of devices on the network, and determines the best way to move data.
Network layer
26
Provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control
Data Link layer
27
Ensures that the messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses
Data Link layer
28
The data link layer formats the message into pieces, each called a _________.
data frame
29
The two IEEE Data Link layer sublayers
MAC 802.3 and LLC 802.2
30
Defines how packets are placed on the media.
Media Access Control (MAC) 802.3
31
Responsible for identifying Network layer protocols and then encapsulating them.
Logical Link Control (LLC) 802.2
32
It sends bits and receives bits.
Physical Layer
33
It is a multiple-port repeater
hub
34
It receives a digital signal and reamplifies or regenerates that signal and then forwards the signal out all active ports .....
Repeater
35
Is a contention media access method that allows all the hosts on a network to share the same bandwidth of a link.
Ethernet
36
- is defined in the original 802.3 ethernet.
- uses only one wire pair with a digital signal running in both directions on the wire,
Half-duplex Ethernet
37
- uses two pairs of wires
- uses point-to-point connection
- no collision will occur
Full-duplex Ethernet
38
Used to connect:
1. Host to switch or Hub
2. Router to switch or Hub
Straight-through cable
38
Used to connect:
1. Switch to switch
2. hub to hub
3. host to host
4. router direct to host
Crossover Cable
39
Used to connect a host to router console serial communication (COM) port
Rolled Cable
40
Data Encapsulation Method
Data --> Segments --> Packets/Datagrams
--> Frames --> bits
41
The CISCO Three Hierarchical Model
Core layer
Distribution layer
Access layer
42
- Responsible for sending large amount of traffic both reliably and quickly.
- Used to switch traffic as fast as possible
Core layer
43
-Sometimes referred to as workgroup layer
- provides routing, filtering, and WAN access
Distribution layer
44
- Controls user and workgroup access to internetwork resources
- sometimes referred to as desktop layer
Access layer
45
is an ethernet term used to describe a network collection of devices in which one particular sends a packet on a network, forcing every other device on that same segment to pay attention to it.
Collision domain
46
Creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain.
Hubs
47
Breaks up collision domain but creates one large broadcast domain
Bridges
48
Break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to filter the network
Routers
49
1st connection agreement
Request for synchronization
50
2nd and 3rd connection agreement
Establishes connection
51
Final connection agreement
acknowledgement, notifies the destination host
52
It can occur because a high speed computer is generating data traffic a lot
Congestion
53
- virtual circuit is a setup
- uses sequencing
- uses acknowledgement
- uses flow control
Connection oriented service
54
If a host fails to receive all the segments that it should acknowledge, the host can improve communication by ______?
Decreasing the window size
55
A technique that requires a receiving machine to communicate w/o transmitting source by sending an acknowledgement pack to the sender when it receives data
Positive acknowledgement w/ retransmission
56
Protocols used to support data traffic
Routed protocols
57
Used to update neighboring packets
Route update packets
58
The exit interface packet will take when destined for a specific network
Interface
59
The distance to the remote network
Metric
60
The number of routers a packet pass through enroute to a remote network
Hop count
61
DLL will ensure that all messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using ______?
Hardware addresses
62
Data Link Layer sublayer that identifies network layer protocols and encapsulates them
LLC 802.2
63
Used for physical addressing
MAC 802.3 and 802.5
64
Time measured from when a frame enters a port to the time it exits a port
Latency
65
If the destination is on a different segment, the frame can be transmitted only to the segment called ?
Transparent bridging
66
Take note
nibble - 4 bytes
byte -8 bits
67
Converted by reading nibbles not bytes
Hexadecimal addressing
68
Has 1 nibble, 2 hex characters
Hex character
69
DCE stands for (old and new)
New:
Data Communication Equipment
Old:
Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment
70
Can be found at the service provider
DCE
71
Can be found at the attached device
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)
72
The services available to the DTE are most often accessed via a modem ______
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU)
73
Is a multipoint repeater
Hub
74
Protocol that helps devices share the same bandwidth
CSMA/CD
75
Determines when the colliding stations can retransmit
Backoff algorithm
76
Effects of CSMA/CD
Delay
Congestion Avoidance
Low throughput
77
When a full duplex ethernet port is on, it first connects to the remote called____.
Auto-detect mechanism
78
Mechanism that decides on the exchange capability
Auto-detect mechanism
79
Burned into each NIC
MAC
80
Note:
MAC - 48 bits (6bytes)
81
MAC hex code
FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
82
OUI has how many bits
24 bits or 3 bytes
83
Used in DLL to encapsulate packets handed down from the network layer
Frames
84
The function of the __________ is to pass data frames between each other using _________.
Ethernet station ; MAC frame format
85
Encapsulating a frame within different type of frame
Tunneling
86
One octet synch
Start Frame Delimiter (SFD)
87
In 10101011, the last "1" allows the receiver to _______
alternate 1'0
88
It transmits a 48 bit value using LSB
Destination Address
89
LSB
Least Significant Bit
90
Identifies the transmitting device
Source Address
91
802.3 uses a ________ field while Ethernet uses a _______ field.
length ; type
92
Packet sent to DLL from layer 3
Data
93
Size of packet sent to DLL from layer 3
64-1500 bytes
94
Used to store CRC
FCS
95
Note
802.3 ------ Ethernet
802.3u ----- Fast Ethernet
802.3ab ---- Gigabit Ethernet
802.3ae ---- 10Gbps over fiber and coaz
96
Each of the 802.3 standard defines an _____ which allows one bit at a time transfer to the physical link from DLL
Attachment Unit Interface (AUI)
97
Provides 100Mbps throughput that uses a nibble
Media Independent Interface (MII)
98
Ethernet uses a
Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII)
99
Breaking up a really big network into a number of smaller ones
Network Segmentation
100
Routers by default break up a
Broadcast domain
101
Routers can also provide packet filtering using
Access list
102
Routers use a _______ to make path selection.
Routing table
103
Used to reduce collision domains within broadcast domain and increase the number of collision domains
Bridging or Bridges
104
CISCO calls the Multiport Bridges and was introduced before routers and hubs
Bridging or Bridges
105
NOTE
Using hubs can contribute to congestion on your Ethernet
106
Router functions
Packet switching
Packet filtering
Internetwork Communication
Path Selection
107
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation
108
NOTE
If broadcast domains are too large:
- users have less bandwidth
- requires to process more broadcast
- Network response is slow
109
Conceptual blueprint of how communication should take place
Reference model
110
Logical groupings
Layer
111
Network devices that operates @ the OSI Model
1. Network Management System (NMS)
2. Web and Application servers
3. Gateways (not default)
4. Network host
112
Emily Post of the network protocol world
ISO
113
NOTE/MEMORIZE
Layer Functions:
1. APPLICATION
- file, print , message, data base, application services
2. PRESENTATION:
- data encryption, compression, translation
3. SESSION:
- Dialog control
4. TRANSPORT:
- End-to-End encryption
5. NETWORK:
- Routing.
6. DATA LINK
- Framing
7. PHYSICAL
- Physical topology
114
Used to view a local HTML
NIC
115
- used at the transport layer
- means acknowledgement, sequencing, and flow control
Reliable
116
Data integrity is ensured at the transport layer by maintaining ______>
Flow control
117
Transmitting device first establishes a connection -oriented session w/ its peer system
Call setup/three way handshake
118
When the transfer is finished, a _______ takes place to tear down the virtual circuit
Call termination
119
Is a virtual setup
Overhead
120
Types of flow control
Buffering
Windowing
Congestion Avoidance
121
EIA/TIA category 5, 6, or 7 UTP two-pair wiring. One user per segment; up to 100 meters long. It uses an RJ45 connector with a physical star topology and a logical bus.
100BaseTX (IEEE 802.3u)
122
Uses fiber cabling 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber. Point-to-point topology; up to 412 meters long. It uses an ST or SC connector, which are media-interface connectors.
100BaseFX (IEEE 802.3u)
123
Copper twisted-pair called twinax (a balanced coaxial pair) that can only run up to 25 meters.
1000BaseCX (IEEE 802.3z)
124
Category 5, four-pair UTP wiring up to 100 meters long.
1000BaseT (IEEE 802.3ab)
125
MMF using 62.5- and 50-micron core; uses an 850 nanometer laser and can go up to 220 meters with 62.5-micron, 550 meters with 50-micron.
1000BaseSX (IEEE 802.3z)
126
Single-mode fiber that uses a 9-micron core and 1300 nanometer laser and can go from 3 kilometers up to 10 kilometers.
1000BaseLX (IEEE 802.3z)
127
a balanced coaxial pair
Twinax
128
If you want a network that is susceptible to EMI, use a __________ to provide a more secure, long distance cable.
fiber-optic cable
129
Once you have the correct cable connected from your PC to the CISCO router or switch, you can start __________ to create a console connection and configure the device.
Hyperterminal
130
In order for host A to ping host B, a ______ is needed to connect the two switches.
crossover cable
131
When a host transmits data across a network to another device, the data goes through ________.
encapsulation
132
To communicate & exchange information, each layer uses .
PDUs
133
The ______ is responsible for finding the destination hardware address that dictates where the packets should be sent on the local network. It does this by using ________.
network layer ; ARP
134
The network layer adds a header, and adds the logical address to the front of each segment. Once the header is added to the segment, the PDU is called a _____.
packet
135
9600 -------- BPS
136
Helps us understand where things belong, how things fit together and what functions go where
Hierarchy
137
IS an issue at the core layer of CISCO Hierarchical model
Fault tolerance
138
Communication point between the core and access layer of the CISCO Hierarchical Model
Distribution layer
139
breaks up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain by default
Switches
