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CNS Final > CNS 3.0 > Flashcards

CNS 3.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Which is not part of the epithalamus?

A. Reticular nucleus
B. Pineal gland
C. Stria medullaris thalami
D. Habenula

A

A. Reticular Nucleus

Epithalamus contains 3 main structures:
-Pineal Body (not related to other 2 structures). Produces and secretes melatonin. The suprachiasmatic nucleus signals pineal body about light/dark cycle
-

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2
Q

How many functional components are in the brainstem?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

A

D. 7

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3
Q

Parallel fibers come from which of the following?

A. inferior olivary neurons
B. Purkinje cells
C. Precerebellar nuclei
D. Granule cells

A

From Purkinje cells

Ameripress:
“Fiber to pukinje cell
-Parallel Fiber
–Granule cell axon”

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4
Q

What is the most rostral part of the CNS?

A. medulla
B. Diencephalon
C. Pons
D. Telencephalon

A

D. Telencephalon

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5
Q

Which transmitter influences movement?

A. ACh
B. Adrenaline
C. Dopamine
D. Seratonin

A

ACh

  • Dopamine influences decision making and motivation
  • Serotonin influences awareness and attention & mood/decreased pain
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6
Q

Which bundle of nerve fibers contains the central branches of the primary sensory neurons that provide for general sensation (not taste) from the posterior third of the tongue?

A. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Spinal Trigeminal tract
C. SOlitary tract
D. Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Solitary tract
-Functional component of Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Hypoglossal moves tongue

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7
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons to the heart are located in the

A. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
B. Nucleus ambiguus
C. Spinal accessory nucleus
D. Spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

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8
Q

Which cerebellar pathway has fibers that cross?

Anterior spinocerebellar
Cuneospinocerebellar
Rostral spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar

A

Anterior Spinocerebellar

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9
Q

A receptor that monitors events within the body is called?

A. Proprioceptor
B. Exteroceptor
C. Enteroceptor
D. Merkel Cell

A

Enteroceptor

  • Merkel Cell monitors differences in touch
  • Follicular monitors light touch (hair).
  • Encapsulated
  • -Meissner’s=light touch
  • -Ruffini’s=shearing or drag
  • -Pacinian=vibration
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10
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the neurons whose axons form olfactory nerve?

A. In various nuclear groups within anterior perforated substance
B. In olfactory bulb
C. In olfactory epithelium
D. In none of the above

A

B. Olfactory Bulb

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11
Q

Which nucleus is in the midline?

A. Medial
B. Raphe
C. Central
D. Paramedian

A

Raphe AKA median region

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12
Q

Where are descending upper motor fibers found?

A. Cerebral peduncle
B. Pyramid
C. Internal capsule
D. All of the above

A

D

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13
Q

Why are the neurons of the olfactory epithelium unique?

A. Only neurons that continue to be produced and are regularly replaced throughout adult life
B. Only primary sensory neurons to have axons that end in the CNS
C. their axons have the fastest known conduction velocities
D. they generate impulses in response to tactile stimulation of the skin of the nose

A

A. Only neurons that continue to be produced and are regularly replaced throughout adult life

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve carries taste sensations from the back of the throat, including the epiglottis?

Facial
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal

A

Vagus

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15
Q

Which functional component do trochlear, oculomotor and hypoglossal nerves have in common?

A

A GSE

Oculomotor, trochlear (& Adbucens) innervate eye muscles and Hypoglossal innervates tongue muscles

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16
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves are composed of ___ fibers.

A. sympathetic preganglionic
B. Sympathetic postganglionic
C. Parasympathetic preganglionic
D. Parasympathetic postganglionic

A

C. Parasympathetic preganglionic

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17
Q

Which fiber is stimulated by stretching the muscle spindle?

II
IA
Gamma
Alpha

A

Alpha

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18
Q

How much CSF is flowing through the ventricles, subarachnoid space and cisterns at any given time?

1L
800 mL
150 mL
35 mL

A

150 mL

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19
Q

Which pair of nerves innervate the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles?

A. Chorda tympani and tympanic nerve
B. auditory and glossopharyngeal nerve
c. Trigeminal and facial
D. Vagus and accessory

A

C. Tigeminal (tensor tympani) and facial (stapedius)

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20
Q

Where is spiral organ of Corti located?

A

Cochlear duct

21
Q

If a die, which is a very large molecule, is administered intravenously, it will strain neurons in what location?

A. Circumventricular organs
B. Amygdala
C. Paraventricular nucleus
D. Corpus striatum

A

A. Circumventricular organs
-Controls osmolality>vasopressin and oxytocin
——————————————
Amygdala central function: posture, cognitive, endocrine, reticular formation modulation

Paraventricular - sits on either side of 3rd ventricle

22
Q

The vestibular system is connected ipsilaterally with which part of cerebellum?

Paravermal area
Flocculonodular lobe
Neocerebellum
Vermis

A

B. Flocculonodular Lobe

23
Q

The cerebral aqueduct is located in the ____

A. Pons
B. Diencephalon
C. Midbrain
D. Medulla oblongata

A

C. Midbrain

24
Q

Which are derivatives of neural crest cells?

Glial cells of CNS
Cerebral cortex
motor neurons
sensory neurons

A

Sensory neurons (?)

25
Q

Which dermatome is on upper limb?

C7
T10
L3
T4

A

C7

26
Q

Some mitral cell axons cross at the ____

hippocampal commissure
Posterior commissure
Anterior commissure
Corpus Callosum

A

C. Anterior commissure

27
Q

WHere are the lower motor neurons that innervate the hand located?

Central nucleus
Retrodorsal nucleus
Intermediolateral nucleus
Ventromedial nucleus

A

C. Interomediolateral nucleus

28
Q

The posterior spinocerebellar tract originates from which nucleus?

A

B. Dorsal thoracic (Clarke’s)

29
Q

Ascending fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus end in the:

Cochlear nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
Oculomotor nuclei
Superior olivary nuclei

A

Oculomotor

30
Q

What lobe contains the auditory cortex?

A

A. Temporal

31
Q

The cause of the most common basal ganglia disorder is?

Lesion of caudate nucleus
Lesion of claustrum
Dopamine depletion in substantia nigra
Lesion in subthalamus

A

C. Dopamine depletion in substantia nigra

32
Q

The Purkinje cells of the pontocerebellum (neocerebellum) project fibers mainly to the ____ nucleus

Vestibular
Dentate
Globose
Pontine

A

B. Dentate

Dentate nucleus to spinal cord or descending fibers

33
Q

Which thalamic nucleus is a relay for somatosensory pathways?

Pulvinar
Ventral lateral
Ventral posterior
Medial geniculate

A

Ventral posterior

34
Q

What is the most common type of glial cell?

A

D. Astrocyte

35
Q

Where are the alpha motor neurons found?

A

Gray matter of the spinal cord

36
Q

What’s a CNS fiber tract?

A

Bundle of nerve fibers with the same function

37
Q

What sulcus/fissure splits the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal

38
Q

Which artery passes over corpus callosum?

A

Anterior cerebral

39
Q

Which artery supplies most of the lateral cerebrum?

A

Middle cerebral

40
Q

Where are the third order neurons of somatosensory pathway located?

A

Thalamus

41
Q

Which statement is true?

A

C. There are both crossed and uncrossed ascending auditory fibers in the pons/midbrain

42
Q

Normally, both pupils respond with constriction when a light is shone into either eye. ID a lesion in which when a light is shone onto the right retina, the left pupil responds but the right does not

A

Transection of the right optic tract

43
Q

What kind of receptor is a muscle spindle?

A

Mechanoreceptor

44
Q

Function units of CNS?

A

Neurons

45
Q

Principal output neurons of cerebral cortex are?

A

Purkinje

46
Q

Lamina of Rexed (spinal lamina of gray matter) that collectively form posterior horn of spinal cord are:

A

A

47
Q

Sacral elements of spinal cord may be crushed by fracture of which vertebrae?

A

D-L1

48
Q

What part of internal capsule lies between thalamus and putamen?

A

Posterior Limb

49
Q

What sulcus separates primary motor cortex from somatosensory cortex?

A

Central sulcus

CNS Final (3 decks)

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