CNS Flashcards by Josh Datnow

Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

a. bupropion — inhibits reuptake of dopamine

A

a. True, bupropion inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and NE

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Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

b. escitalopram — inhibits monoamine oxidase

A

b. False, escitalopram is an SSRI an inhibits the reuptake of serotonin

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Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

c. moclobemide — inhibits chloride ion conductance

A

c. False, Moclobemide is a MAOI-A and thus decrease metabolism of dopamine

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Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

d. imipramine — inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline

A

d. True, TCA antidepressant inhibit the reuptake of NE and serotonin

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Q

Mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs

e. venlafaxine — inhibits reuptake of serotonin

A

e. True, venlafaxine is an SNRI and thus inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

a. pramipexole is converted to dopamine in the neuron

A

a. False, pramipexole is a non-ergot derived dopamine receptor agonist that is taken orally.

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Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

b. carbidopa prevents the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine

A

b. True, carbidopa is a dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor and thus inhibits peripheral dopamine metabolism

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Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

c. pramipexole increases the risk of sudden-onset sleep attacks

A

c. True, DRA cause sedation, hallucination, confusion and hypotension

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Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease

d. selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase B

A

d. True, selegiline is a MAOI-B

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Q

Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease:

e. levodopa is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting :

A

e. False, levodopa causes nausea and vomiting

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Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

a. moclobemide

A

a. True, MAOI causes insomnia and hypertensive crisis

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Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

b. phenobarbitone

A

b. False, phenobarbitone is a barbiturate that is used as an anticonvulsant, sedative and hypnotic

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Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

c. olanzapine

A

c. False, antipsychotic with anti-histamine effects cause sedation

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Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

d. fluoxetine

A

d. True, SSRIs cause insomnia, nausea and vomiting, sexual dysfunction, weight gain

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Q

CNS drugs which increase the risk of insomnia include:

e. venlafaxine

A

e. True, SNRIs cause insomnia, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia and SIADH

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Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

a. valproic acid

A

a. True, valproic acid is an anticonvulsant that inhibits gaba transaminase and thus, inhibits gaba metabolism

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Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

b. ethosuximide

A

b. False, ethosuximide is a calcium channel blocker used as an anticonvulsant

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Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

c. diazepam

A

c. True, BDZ enhance the effects of gaba

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Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

d. phenobarbitone

A

d. True, barbiturates enhance the effects of GABA

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Q

Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA include:

e. carbamazepine

A

e. False, carbamazepine is a calcium channel blocker used as an anticonvulsant

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Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

a. valproic acid

A

a. False, valproic acid causes hepatoxicity and is teratogenic

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Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

b. amitriptyline

A

b. True, TCA cause weight gain

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Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

c. gabapentin

A

c. True

.

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Q

CNS drugs which cause weight gain include:

d. olanzapine

A

d. True, antipsychotic causes weight gain

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CNS drugs which cause weight gain include: | e. topiramate

e. False, topiramate is an anticonvulsant that causes weight loss

In the management of epilepsy | a. topiramate is a cognitive enhancing drug

a. False, topiramate causes cognitive disorder

In the management of epilepsy | b. maternal use of valproic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of fetal neural tube defects

b. True, valproic acid is teratogenic

In the management of epilepsy | c. when valproic acid is used as “add-on” therapy, the dose of lamotrigine is doubled

c. False, valproic acid decreases the excretion of lamotrigine. Thus, the dose could be lessened not increased

In the management of epilepsy | d. the metabolism of phenytoin is saturable

d. True, phenytoin and fosphenytoin exhibit saturable metabolism (zero-order kinetics)

In the management of epilepsy | e. phenobarbitone is a hepatic enzyme inhibitor

e. False, barbiturates act on GABA receptors

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include: a. fluoxetine

a. True, SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include: b. moclobemide

b. False, MAOI inhibit the metabolism of dopamine

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include: c. amitriptyline

c. True, TCA block the reuptake of serotonin and NE

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include: d. venlafaxine

d. True, SNRI block the reuptake of serotonin and NE

Antidepressant agents which BLOCK the reuptake of serotonin include: e. bupropion

e. False, bupropion blocks the reuptake of NE and dopamine

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects: a. escitalopram — diarrhoea

a. True, SSRIs cause both diarrhoea and constipation

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects: b. fluoxetine — constipation

b. True, SSRIs cause both diarrhoea and constipation

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects: c. bupropion — sedation

c. False, bupropion will cause insomnia

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects: d. imipramine — seizures

d. True, in TCA overdose seizures can occur

Use of antidepressants INCREASES the risk of the listed side effects: e. moclobemide — agitation

e. True, MAOI cause agitation

In the management of anxiety and insomnia | a. venlafaxine blocks reuptake of GABA

a. False, venlafaxine is an SNRI and thus blocks the reuptake of serotonin and NE

In the management of anxiety and insomnia | b. diazepam causes more daytime sedation than zolpidem

b. False ?

In the management of anxiety and insomnia | c. moclobemide increases the risk of social phobia

c. False, indicated for the treatment of social phobia

In the management of anxiety and insomnia | d. oxazepam is preferred to diazepam in elderly patients

d. True ?

In the management of anxiety and insomnia | e. diazepam causes muscle spasm as an adverse effect

e. False, Diazepam has muscle relaxant properties

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization: | a. diazepam

a. True, BDZ cause hyperpolarization

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization: | c. fluoxetine

b. False, SSRI don’t cause hyperpolarization

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization: | d. moclobemide

c. False, MAOI don’t cause hyperpolarization

The following drugs cause postsynaptic hyperpolarization: | e. oxazepam

d. True, BDZ cause hyperpolarization

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include: | a. bupropion

a. False, bupropion is a NE and dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include: | b. venlafaxine

b. False, Venlafaxine is a serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include: | c. haloperidol

c. True, haloperidol is a first gen anti-psychotic and thus binds D2 receptors

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include: | d. risperidone

d. True, risperidone is a D2 and serotonin receptor antagonist

Dopamine-2 receptor ANTAGONISTS include: | e. olanzapine

e. True, olanzapine antagonises D1-4, serotonin, a1 and histamine receptors

Neuroprotective agents | a. phenytoin is metabolised in the liver

a. True, phenytoin is hepatoxic

Neuroprotective agents | b. valproic acid is contraindicated in pregnancy

b. True, valproic acid is teratogenic

Neuroprotective agents | c. ethosuximide causes absence seizures

c. False, ethosuximide is a calcium channel blocker indicated for the treatment absence seizures

Neuroprotective agents | d. lamotrigine is a mood stabilizing agent

d. True, lamotrigine is a sodium and calcium channel blocker primarily indicated for focal, generalized and absence seizures, lennox gastut syndrome, but also as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder

Neuroprotective agents | e. gabapentin increases intra-neuronal calcium ion concentrations

e. True, gabapentin is a calcium channel blocker

The following CNS drugs cause sedation: | a. diazepam

a. True, BDZ have a sedative effect

The following CNS drugs cause sedation: | b. escitalopram

b. False, SSRIs cause insomnia

The following CNS drugs cause sedation: | c. olanzapine

c. True, the anti-histamine effects of antipsychotics cause sedation

The following CNS drugs cause sedation: | d. moclobemide

d. False, MAOI cause insomnia

The following CNS drugs cause sedation: | e. amitriptyline

e. True, TCA antidepressants cause sedation

In the management of major depressive disorder | a. bupropion causes sexual dysfunction

a. False, bupropion is associated with an increased risk of seizures

In the management of major depressive disorder | b. venlafaxine increases the risk of insomnia

b. True, SNRIs increase the risk of insomnia

In the management of major depressive disorder | c. imipramine causes enuresis

c. False, imipramine is indicate for enuresis

In the management of major depressive disorder | d. vortioxetine is an antagonist at 5HT7 receptors

d. True, inhibits the serotonin cotransporter and antagonises the receptors

In the management of major depressive disorder | e. agomelatine stimulates melatonin receptors

e. True , potent agonist

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters a. fluoxetine

a. True, SSRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters b. vortioxetine

b. True, vortioxetine prevents the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters c. moclobemide

c. False, moclobemide is a MAOI and thus prevents the metabolism of dopamine

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters d. amitriptyline

d. True, TCA prevent the reuptake of serotonin

The listed antidepressants block presynaptic serotonin transporters e. escitalopram

e. True, SSRIs prevent the reuptake of serotonin by inhibiting the serotonin cotransporter

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents | a. diazepam is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA

a. True, BDZ enhances the effects of gaba

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents | b. zolpidem is a more effective muscle relaxant than diazepam

b. False, BDZ are more effective muscle relaxants

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents | c. midazolam reduces postsynaptic chloride ion conductance

c. False, BDZ increase chloride conductance

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents | d. buspirone is used as an “add-on” therapy in cases of resistant depression

d. True, It has also been used as a second-line therapy for unipolar depression when the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is deemed clinically inadequate or inappropriate

Anxiolytic and hypnotic agents | e. oxazepam is preferred to diazepam in elderly patients (>65 yrs)

e. Ture, short duration BDZ are recommended for the elderly

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents | a. sulpiride suppresses lactation in postpartum women

a. False, sulpiride causes lactation

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents | b. olanzapine is used in the management of hyperlipidaemia

b. False, olanzapine causes hyperlipidaemia

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents | c. aripiprazole is used as an adjunct to antidepressants for resistant depression

c. True, Aripiprazole is indicated for manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder, treatment of schizophrenia, treatment of Tourette's disorder, and as an adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents | d. risperidone is used in children

d. True, used to treat conduct disorder in children

Therapeutic uses of antipsychotic agents | e. haloperidol is used to treat tardive dyskinesia

e. False, anti-psychotics cause tardive dyskinesia

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs | a. phenytoin — gingival hyperplasia

a. True

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs | b. carbamazepine — insomnia

b. False, carbamazepine primarily causes hyponatraemia but is also associated with somnolence

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs | c. clonazepam — sedation

c. Ture, BDZ cause sedation

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs | d. ethosuximide — weight gain

d. False, weight loss

Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs | e. lamotrigine — rash

e. True, lamotrigine causes SJS

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures: a. carbamazepine

a. False, indicated for the treatment of tonic clonic seisures

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures: b. amitriptyline

b. True, TCA overdose causes seizures

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures: c. bupropion

c. True, bupropion increases the risk of seizures

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures: d. clozapine

d. False, antipsychotics don’t cause seizures

The following drugs increase the risk of tonic-clonic seizures: e. lamotrigine

e. False, indicated for the treatment of seizures

Benzodiazepines | a. Diazepam enhances the effects of GABA

a. True, BDZ enhance the effect of GABA

Benzodiazepines | b. Cause sedation

b. True, BDZ are sedatives

Benzodiazepines | c. Block chloride channels

c. False, BDZ allosteric enhancement of Cl conductance

Benzodiazepines | d. Clonazepam is used in the management of epilepsy

d. True, clonazepam is an anticonvulsant indicated for the management of epilepsy and panic disorder

Benzodiazepines | e. Cause respiratory depression in overdose

e. True, symptoms of overdose include: respiratory depression, hypotension, confusion, paradoxical agitation, hallucination, slurred speech, ataxia and coma

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents | a. diazepam causes muscle spasm as an adverse effect

a. False,

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents | b. flumazenil is used in the management of diazepam overdose

b. True

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents | c. diazepam blocks chloride ion channels

c. False

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents | d. oxazepam has a shorter half-life (t1/2) than diazepam

d. True

Anxiolytics and hypnotic agents | e. zolpidem causes sedation

e. True

Use of antidepressant drugs | a. clomipramine is associated with erectile dysfunction

a. False, TCA not associated with ED

Use of antidepressant drugs | b. venlafaxine is indicated for post-herpetic neuralgia

b. True

Use of antidepressant drugs | c. citalopram overdose causes malignant

c. False

Use of antidepressant drugs hyperthermia d. amitriptyline overdose causes convulsions

d. True

Use of antidepressant drugs | e. the combination of fluoxetine and tramadol increases the risk of serotonin syndrome

e. True

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression a. clomipramine: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

a. False, TCA

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression b. sertraline: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

b. True

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression c. venlafaxine: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

c. True

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression d. amitriptyline: tricyclic antidepressant

d. True

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of depression e. lithium: dopamine receptor blocker

e. False, mood stabilizer

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use a. hypothermia

a. False

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use b. hypotension

b. True

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use c. weight loss

c. False

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use d. glaucoma

d. False

Adverse effects associated with tricyclic antidepressants use e. dry mouth

e. True

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease a. levodopa: monoamine oxidase inhibitor

a. False, dopamine precursor

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease b. bromocriptine: dopamine receptor agonist

b. True, ergot derivative DRA

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease c. rasagiline: increases synaptic dopamine levels

c. False, DRA not MAOI

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease d. entacopone: Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) inhibitor

d. True, prevent the peripheral metabolism of levodopa

Mechanism of action of drugs used in the management of Parkinson’s Disease e. selegiline: muscarinic receptor agonist

e. False, MAOI B

Antiepileptics | a. phenytoin causes gingival hyperplasia

a. True

Antiepileptics | b. carbamazepine induces hepatic microsomal enzymes

b. True

Antiepileptics | c. valproic acid is teratogenic

c. True

Antiepileptics | d. ethosuximide is used in the management of tonic-clonic seizures

d. False, only indicated for absence seizures

Antiepileptics | e. diazepam is used intravenously in status epilepticus

e. True

Antipsychotic drugs | a. haloperidol increases the risk of akathisia

a. True, antipsychotic increase the risk of akathisia

Antipsychotic drugs | b. clozapine causes weight loss

b. False

Antipsychotic drugs | c. risperidone reduces aggression in children

c. True

Antipsychotic drugs | d. olanzapine causes insomnia

d. False, sedation (anti-histamine properties

Antipsychotic drugs | e. haloperidol is a dopamine-2 receptor agonist

e. False, competitive inhibitor