CNS Bacteria and Sexually Transmitted

Question 1

What are the most common CNS infections caused by in neonates?

Answer 1

Streptococcus Group B (some A too) and Gram-Negative Bacilli

Question 2

What is the most common cause of CNS infection in children ages between 1 month and 15 years?

Answer 2

Neisseria Meningitidis and Haemophilus Influenzae

Question 3

What are the physical characteristics of Neisseria Meningitidis?

Answer 3

Gram Negative diplococci, Polysacchride capsule, Pili, Porins A/B. OXIDASE Positive

Question 4

How does Neisseria Meningitidis become pathogenic?

Answer 4

Attach to epithelial cells by pili and are endocytosed where replication occurs. Transcytosis to subepithelial spaces where it can evade phagocytosis due to capsule. Lipooligosacchrade on cell wall - causes activation of inflammation allowing migration of pathogen

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of Neisseria Meningitidis?

Answer 5

Most commonly follows mild nasopharynx symptoms, then acute onset fever, headache, chills, nuchal ridgity, and AMS. PETECHIAE on skin with hemorrhage spots called purpura.

Question 6

What is a unique ailment caused by Neisseria Meningitidis?

Answer 6

Lipooligosacchrades on external surface can cause blood clots in vasculature and can cause amputations.

Question 7

What are the physical characteristics of Neisseria Gonorrhea?

Answer 7

Gram Negative diplococci, Oxidase Positive, NO CAPSULE (different from meningitidis), sensitive to cold, and pili used for adhesion and transfer of genetic information.

Question 8

What are the surface receptors of N. Gonorrhea?

Answer 8

Porins - interfere with PMN degranulation
Opa Proteins - opaque vs transparent
Receptors for human transferrin
LOS

Question 9

How does N. Gonorrhea infect a host?

Answer 9

Sexual contact with infected individual, then pathogen adheres to none cilliated cells and transcytose into subepithelium to reproduce. (Same as N. Meningetidis)

Question 10

How can N. Gonorrhea avoid the immune system?

Answer 10

Does NOT have a capsule, but has variable surface antigens. Many females are asymptomatic.

Question 11

What are common symptoms for males/females?

Answer 11

Men - purulent drainage from penis

Women - some asymptomatic, vaginal d/c, dysuria, abd pain, can ascend to PID, and infect infants when birthed.

Question 12

What is key in treating N. Gonorrhea?

Answer 12

Early diagnosis and complete treatment. However, many strains are becoming increasingly resistant to treatment.

Question 13

How are Chlamydia and Chlamydophila different in localization of symptoms?

Answer 13

Chlamydia - primarily GU symptoms

Chlamydophilia - respiratory, bronchitis, pneumonia

Question 14

What characterizes Chlamydia/Chlamydophila?

Answer 14

Gram Negative envelope with LOS, no cell wall, and no peptidoglycan. Two Forms:

Question 15

How do Chlamydia-LGV invade and replicate?

Answer 15

No ciliated cells - GU, Resp, Eyes - Replicate inside PMN
Elementary Body - infectious form
Reticulate Body - intracellular form, released when cell bursts

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia?

Answer 16

A small lesion can develop 1-4 weeks afterwards and will experience some generalized pain/fever, then it can spread to lymph nodes, eventually causing chronic ulcerative phase and fistulas

Question 17

What is the most common sexually transmitted disease?

Answer 17

C. Trachomatis

Question 18

What is a syndrome males can get with C. Trachomatis?

Answer 18

Reiter Syndrome - urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, and penile lesion.

Question 19

What is a condition that C. Trachomatis can cause that can lead to blindness?

Answer 19

Chronic Keratoconjunctivitis, from poor sanitation or transfered from birth canal in new borns