CNS Brain Anatomy Flashcards
(41 cards)
What does the Forebrain consist of?
telencephalon and the diencephalon
What does the Midbrain consist of?
Mesencephalon
What does the Hindbrain consist of?
metencephalon and the myelencephalon
When can you see the development of the brain after conception?
18 days
What is the one major structure in the Myelencephalon?
the medulla
What does the medulla do?
serves vital functions (breathing, blood pressure, vomiting, muscle tone)
What/Where is the reticular formation?
a cell group that runs through the hindbrain and to the midbrain
What is the reticular formation responsible for?
some sleep cycle, arousal, and alertness. It outputs to the spinal cord which is key for movement and muscle tone
What does the Metencephalon consist of?
Pons and the cerebellum
What are pons?
They work with the medulla to breath, regulate sleep and alertness
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
balance, fine control of movement, language comprehension, and coordination
What is RAPID sensory?
quickly putting together information to produce swift actions
What is in the midbrain (mesencephalon)?
the tectum and and the tegmentum
What are the two parts of the tectum?
the superior colliculi (serve visual functions such as eye movements and the ability to fixate our gaze) and the inferior colliculi (serve auditory functions such as being able to locate where a sound is coming from)
What are the four parts of the tegmentum?
the reticular formation, the periaqueductal gray, the substancia nigra, and the red nucleus
What is the periaqueductal gray?
mediates pain reducing effects of opiate drugs (inside the tegmentum)
What is the substancia nigra (“black substance”)?
plays a role in the motor system (inside the tegmentum)
What is the Red Nucleus?
plays a role in the motor system by taking in sensory input (inside the tegmentum)
What is in the diencephalon?
the thalamus and the hypothalamus
What is the thalamus?
it consists of two lobes and many pairs of nuclei, it receives sensory info and relays it to the rest of the brain
What is the hypothalamus?
it is underneath the thalamus and conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones for motivated behaviors
What is the telencephalon?
it is the largest and most developed part of the human brain for complex functions such as planning learning and problem solving
What are the four cortical hemispheres of the telencephalon?
occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal
What is the occipital responsible for?
(it is the most posterior of the telencephalon) it is the primary visual cortex (this is where the first stages of visual processing begin)
