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Pharmacology > CNS Drugs, Part II > Flashcards

CNS Drugs, Part II Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Clonazepam

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

Good for treating seizures

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2
Q

Lorazepam

A

Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine
Good for terminating status epilepticus
Good for alcohol withdrawal

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3
Q

Diazepam

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine
Good for terminating status epilepticus
Good for alcohol withdrawal
Good for skeletal muscular spasms

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4
Q

Alprazolam

A

Short and long-term benzodiazepine

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5
Q

Temazepam

A

Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine

Good for sleep disorders with frequent waking

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6
Q

Triazolam

A

Short-acting benzodiazepine

Good for sleep disorders with difficulty falling asleep

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7
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepine

Good for amnesia and sedation prior to anesthesia

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8
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

Good for alcohol withdrawal

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9
Q

Chlorazepate

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

Good for alcohol withdrawal

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10
Q

Etazolam

A

Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine

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11
Q

Flurazepam

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

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12
Q

Oxazepam

A

Short-acting benzodiazepine

Good for alcohol withdrawal

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13
Q

Quazepam

A

Long-acting benzodiazepine

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14
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine/GABA receptor antagonist

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15
Q

Baclofen

A

Muscle relaxant

Spinal cord GABAb receptor agonist –> inhibits glutamate neurotransmitter release

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16
Q

Thiopental

A

Ultra short-acting barbiturate

Can induce anesthesia (IV)

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17
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Long-acting barbiurate
Anti-convulsant –> treats focal and tonic-clonic seizures
Treats refractory status epilepticus
Avoid in children –> depresses cognitive development

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18
Q

Pentobarbital

A

Short-acting barbiturate

Can also block high-frequency sodium channels

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19
Q

Secobarbital

A

Short-acting barbiturate

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20
Q

Amobarbital

A

Short-acting barbiturate

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21
Q

Butalbital

A

Short-acting barbiturate

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22
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytic

Serotonin and dopamine receptor activity

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23
Q

Zolpidem

A

Hypnotic

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24
Q

Zaleplon

A

Hypnotic

Helps with sleep maintenance

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25
Eszopiclone
Hypnotic | Approved for long-term use
26
Ramelteon
Hypnotic Agonist of MT1 and MT2 receptors (melatonin) Treats insomnia with difficulty falling asleep Increases prolactin levels Approved for long-term use
27
Paroxetine
SSRI
28
Escitalopram
SSRI
29
Venlafaxine
SNRI
30
Duloxetine
SNRI
31
γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/Sodium oxybate
GABA precursor | Treats cataplexy and narcolepsy
32
Tizanidine
Muscle relaxant
33
Dantrolene
Muscle relaxant Decreases calcium release from SR Used to treat malignant hyperthermia
34
Ethosuximide
Epilepsy drug Treats absence seizures Blocks thalamic T-type calcium channels
35
Phenytoin
Epilepsy drug Treats focal, generalized, and absense seizures Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels Side effects: gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, ataxia, hirsutism, SJS Contraindicated in pregnancy
36
Carbamazepine
Epilepsy drug Treats focal and generalized seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder Blocks sodium channels Side effects: hyponatremia, SJS Contraindicated for pregnancy and absence seizures
37
Valproic acid
Epilepsy drug Treats focal, generalized, and absence seizures, bipolar disorder Blocks sodium channels, GABA transaminase Side effects: hepatotoxicity Contraindicated in pregnancy
38
Gabapentin
Epilepsy drug Treats partial and generalized seizures, peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia GABA analog that inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels
39
Topiramate
Epilepsy drug Treats focal and generalized seizures and migraine Blocks voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels
40
Lamotrigine
Epilepsy drug Treats focal, generalized, and absence seizures Blocks sodium and calcium channels Side effects: SJS
41
Levetiracetam
Epilepsy drug Treats focal and generalized seizure May modulate GABA and glutamate release by binding to synaptic vesicle protein
42
Tiagabine
Epilepsy drug Treats focal seizures Inhibits GABA reuptake
43
Vigabatrin
Epilepsy drug Treats focal seizures Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase Side effects include vision loss
44
Sumatriptan
Triptan Aborts or reduces the severity of migraine headache Agonist of serotonin 5-HT1D receptors Contraindicated in patients with CVD risk factors
45
Ergotamine
Ergot alkaloid Aborts migraine headaches Agonist of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors --> vasoconstriction Contraindicated in angina, PVD, and pregnancy
46
Dihydroergotamine
Ergot alkaloid Aborts migraine headaches Agonist of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors --> vasoconstriction Contraindicated in angina, PVD, and pregnancy
47
Levodopa
Dopamine precursor to treat Parkinson's | Coadministered with carbidopa and entacopone
48
Selegiline
MAO type B inhibitor | Treats Parkinson's, depression
49
Rasagiline
Irreversible inhibitor of MAO type B | Treats Parkinson's, depression
50
Bromocriptine
Ergot derivative; D2 agonist Treats Parkinson's Reduced risk for dyskinesia Contraindicated for Hx of MI, PAD
51
Ropinirole
Non-ergot D2 agonist Treats Parkinson's Reduced risk for dyskinesia
52
Pramipexole
Non-ergot D2 agonist Treats Parkinson's Reduced risk for dyskinesia
53
Rotigotine
Non-ergot D2 agonist Treats Parkinson's Reduced risk for dyskinesia
54
Apomorphine
Non-ergot D2 agonist Treats Parkinson's Reduced risk for dyskinesia
55
Amantidine
NMDA glutamate receptor inhibitor | Treats Parkinson's
56
Benzotropine
Antimuscarinic agent Treats Parkinson's Contraindicated for glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, pyloric stenosis
57
Trihexyphenidyl
Antimuscarinic agent Treats Parkinson's Contraindicated for glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, pyloric stenosis
58
Donepezil
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Treats Alzheimer's
59
Galantamine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Treats Alzheimer's
60
Rivastigmine
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | Treats Alzheimer's and dementia associated with Parkinson's
61
Memantine
NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist Treats Alzheimer's Coadministered with AChE inhibitor
62
Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotic | Treats schizophrenia and tic disorder
63
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotic | Treats schizophrenia, intractable hiccups, and mania
64
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic Treats schizophrenia and improves cognitive function Side effects: agranulocytosis
65
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic | Treats schizophrenia, tic disorder, autism-related disruptive behavior, and mania
66
Olazapine
``` Atypical antipsychotic Treats schizophrenia (improves cognitive function) and bipolar disorder (with SSRI) ```
67
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic | Treats schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and refractory depression
68
Ziprasidone
Atypical antipsychotic Treats schizophrenia and mania Causes the least weight gain
69
Aripiprazole
Dopamine system stabilizer | Treats schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autistic diorder
70
D-amphetamine
CNS stimulant Treats ADHD and narcolepsy Displaces monoamines
71
Methyphenidate
CNS stimulant Treats ADHD and narcolepsy Inhibits reuptake of NE and DA
72
Atomoxetine
CNS stimulant Treats ADHD Prevents reuptake of NE
73
Modafinil
CNS stimulant Treats narcolepsy Inhibits reuptake of NE and DA, increases free serotonin, decreases GABA
74
Cocaine
CNS stimulant | Blocks reuptake of DA, NE, 5HT

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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