CNS stimulants

Question 1

cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine

Answer 1

CNS stimulants examples

Question 2

increased arousal, increased attention and mental focus

Answer 2

lower doses

Question 3

sympathomimetic effects (HR,BP, respiration, fight/flight), decreased fatigue, mood elevation, excitation, enhanced self-worth

Answer 3

higher doses

Question 4

side effects become more common and problematic as

Answer 4

dosage increases

Question 5

anxiety/nervousness, irritability/edginess, psychotic symptoms such as paranoia and hallucinations (e.g., formication)

Answer 5

side effects of dosage increase

Question 6

thought process in which you believe you are the target of malicious intentions

Answer 6

paranoia

Question 7

formication, perception of a stimulus that isn’t there

Answer 7

hallucinations

Question 8

tactile hallucinations such as the feeling of bugs crawling across the skin

Answer 8

formication

Question 9

the “third scourge” of humanity, has been used since before recorded history

Answer 9

cocaine

Question 10

the “first scourge” of humanity

Answer 10

alcohol

Question 11

the “second scourge” of humanity

Answer 11

opium

Question 12

since cocaine is a basic drug, it won’t get absorbed will with this form of administration

Answer 12

oral administration

Question 13

cocaine enters here through snorting

Answer 13

mucous membrane

Question 14

smoking cocaine is actually more like vaporization of “free base” or crack, solid to vapor

Answer 14

inhalation

Question 15

would be used by plucking plants and chewing on them, originally a key ingredient in Coca-Cola

Answer 15

cocaine

Question 16

recommended by Sigmund Freud, used as a medicinal drug in certain situations (topical anesthetic)

Answer 16

cocaine

Question 17

inhalation-Iv-intranasal membrane (-oral)

Answer 17

onset and duration of effect (least to most strongest)

Question 18

half life average, slow onset, last longer

Answer 18

1 hour

Question 19

detectable in urine, saliva, and hair

Answer 19

metabolites

Question 20

easier for brain to tolerate

Answer 20

more destructive

Question 21

consequent to frequent cocaine snorting, constricts blood vessels, tissues die, this forms

Answer 21

oronasal fistula

Question 22

Mainly a reuptake blocker, most active at 5-HT reuptake transporters, then DA, then least active
on NE transporters

Answer 22

catecholamine agonist effect

Question 23

action on these receptors is most relevant to psychoactive effects

Answer 23

dopamine

Question 24

synaptic pooling of what and increased activity at what receptors seems crucial

Answer 24

dopamine, D3

Question 25

derivatives that block Na+ channel activity (and AP) in axons that are important local anesthetics, similar to tetrodotoxin

Answer 25

procaine (Novocain) and lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Question 26

This blockage of action potential can be a useful in this effect

Answer 26

PNS

Question 27

At high local concentrations, can block activity at Na+ channels in axon, where is it not seen

Answer 27

CNS

Question 28

Longer acting and perhaps more efficacious than cocaine itself, combined with alcohol, cocaine is metabolized into

Answer 28

cocaethylene

Question 29

notably, downregulation of post-synaptic DA receptors (& autoreceptor-linked longer-term decrease in DA synthesis)

Answer 29

pharmacodynamic tolerance

Question 30

exaggerated responsiveness to a dose of drug

Answer 30

sensitization

Question 31

Classical conditioning, Physiological mechanisms (depending on usage patterns, probably)

Answer 31

aspects of sensitization

Question 32

post-synaptic receptor downregulation & ↓ in DA synthesis... thus, need much larger dosage

Answer 32

frequent use

Question 33

massive receptor upregulation (happens before DA synthesis normalizes)

Answer 33

abstain

Question 34

Use heavily again after receptors have upregulated

Answer 34

exaggerated effect

Question 35

this is somewhat unpredictable in that it can lead to greater or lesser effect across people and across usage episodes

Answer 35

cocaine

Question 36

Benzedrine, Adderall, made up of d- and l-amphetamine

Answer 36

amphetamine

Question 37

Dexedrine, containing just the d-enantiomer

Answer 37

dextro-amphetamine

Question 38

hangs around the body a little longer than other amphetamines and variants (methedrine)

Answer 38

methamphetamine

Question 39

khat and "bath salts"

Answer 39

cathinones

Question 40

collects and pools like cocaine

Answer 40

dopamine

Question 41

leads to desirable results for ADHD such as focusing on and completing tasks

Answer 41

low dose

Question 42

increases psychomotor function such as quick burst muscle activities like swimming, fine motor control is hindered like golfing, improves mood and emotional state

Answer 42

high dose

Question 43

long term consequence of amphetamine use

Answer 43

amphetamine psychosis

Question 44

repetitive behaviors performed over and over again over a span of time (typically hours) like rocking back and forth

Answer 44

stereotyped behaviors

Question 45

occurs when using meth over a long period of time, due to decrease in hygiene, xerostomia (dry mouth), and bruxism

Answer 45

meth mouth

Question 46

clenching/teeth grinding

Answer 46

bruxism

Question 47

ADHD drug, Ritalin, baby version of cocaine

Answer 47

methylphentamate

Question 48

ADHD drug, need more than 1 dose of this to be affective over a long period of time, taking it with concerta extends longevity

Answer 48

Ritalin

Question 49

ADHD drug, runs through liver and gets converted to d-amphetamine

Answer 49

Vyvanse (lisoexamfetamine)

Question 50

ADHD drug, targets norepinephrine

Answer 50

Strattera (atomoxetine)

Question 51

low tonic activity, bigger the phasic bursts, huge bursts in phasic activity causes more attention to distractions

Answer 51

ADHD activity

Question 52

ADHD drugs increase this neurotransmitters level to increase tonic for smaller phasic bursts

Answer 52

dopamine