CNS Stimulants Flashcards
(53 cards)
What are some stimulants for ADHD?
- Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate
What are some non-stimulants for ADHD?
- Atomoxetine
- Guanfacine
- Clonidine
What do stimulants do?
- Enhance neurotransmitter transmission by serving as direct and indirect non-catecholamine sympathomimetics
What is the MOA of stimulants?
- Block presynaptic reuptake
- Interference with vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)
- Increase in neurotransmitter release (NE, then DA, then 5-HT each at increasing doses)
Which isomers of AMP/MPH are more CNS active?
- D-isomers over mixed or L-isomers
What is the main activity of methyphenidate?
- Inhibition of DA reuptake and inhibition of neurotransmitter presynaptic reuptake
Does MPH stimulate neurotransmitter release?
- MPH
What are some side effects of stimulants?
- Dyspepsia/GI distress (N/V)/ Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Decreased appetite (weight loss and reduced growth progression)
- Insomnia
- Anxiety/Jitteriness
- Irritability/Aggression/Agitation
- Elevated BP/HR
What are some rare side effects of stimulants?
- Priapism
- Seizures
- Sudden cardiac death
- Stroke and MI
- Chemical leukoderma
What are some formulation abbreviations?
- Immediate release (IR)
- Extended release (ER & XR)
- Long acting (LA)
- Controlled delivery (CD)
- Oral disintegrating tablet (ODT)
What are some cautions when using stimulants?
- Marked anxiety and agitation
- Symptomatic CV disease
- Moderate-to-severe HTN
- Glaucoma
- Motor tics or family history/diagnosis of Tourette’s syndrome
- Ineffectively treated Bipolar/psychoses
- Poorly controlled seizures
- History of drug abuse
When is the onset of stimulants?
- Usually 24 hours
What are some adverse effects of - Dextroamphetamine/AMP/Adderall, Dextroamphetamine sulfate/ProCentra, Amphetamine sulfate/Evekeo, and Dextroamphetamine/Zenzedi ?
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Circulation problems
- Decreased appetite
- Slowing of growth
- New psychotic problems
- Nervousness
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Increased tics
- Stroke and MI
- Increased BP/HR
- Mood changes
- New or worse bipolar illness
- Aggressive behavior
- Runny nose
- Dry mouth
- High potential for misuse and abuse
What is the form and duration of dextroamphetamine/AMP/Adderall?
- Tab
- 4-6 hours
What is the form and duration of dextroamphetamine sulfate/ProCentra?
- Liquid
- 4-6 hours
What is the form and duration of amphetamine sulfate/Evekeo?
- Cap
- 4-6 hours
What is the form and duration of dextroamphetamine/Zenzedi?
- Tab
- 4-6 hours
What are some immediate release forms of amphetamine-based stimulants?
- Dextroamphetamine/AMP/Adderall
- Dextroamphetamine sulfate/ProCentra
- Amphetamine sulfate/Evekeo
- Dextroamphetamine/Zenzedi
What are some extended release forms of amphetamine-based stimulants?
- Dextroamphetamine/Adderall XR
- Dextroamphetamine/Dexedrine
- Amphetamine/Dyanavel XR
- Lisdexamfetamine/Vyvanse
- Amphetamine/Mydayis
What is the form and duration of Dextroamphetamine/Adderall XR?
- CAP
- 8-12 hours
What is the form and duration of Dextroamphetamine/Dexedrine?
- Cap
- 8-10 hours
What is the form and duration of Amphetamine/Dyanavel XR?
- Liq
- 13 hours
What is the form and duration of Lisdexamfetamine/Vyvanse?
- Cap
- 10-12 hours
What is the form and duration of Amphetamine/Mydayis?
- Cap
- 16 hours
