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Crit Coag > Coag Section Final -- CHAT Q's > Flashcards

Coag Section Final -- CHAT Q's Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of hemostasis?

A

To prevent excessive bleeding while maintaining blood flow

Hemostasis is crucial for maintaining vascular integrity after injury.

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key system involved in hemostasis?

A

Lymphatic system

The primary systems include the vascular system, platelets, and the coagulation system.

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3
Q

Primary hemostasis involves:

A

Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

This is the initial response to vascular injury.

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4
Q

A disorder of secondary hemostasis would most likely cause:

A

Deep tissue and joint bleeding

Disorders of secondary hemostasis typically affect clot stabilization.

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5
Q

What is the lifespan of circulating platelets?

A

9-12 days

Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and have a short lifespan.

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6
Q

The AAA reaction in platelets stands for:

A

Activation, Adhesion, Aggregation

This sequence is crucial for the formation of a platelet plug.

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7
Q

Which pathway is considered the ‘fast response’ in coagulation?

A

Extrinsic pathway

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue injury.

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8
Q

What factor initiates the extrinsic pathway?

A

Tissue factor (Factor III)

This factor is released by damaged tissues.

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9
Q

What is the final enzyme responsible for converting fibrinogen into fibrin?

A

Thrombin

Thrombin plays a key role in the coagulation cascade.

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10
Q

What is the function of plasmin?

A

Breaks down fibrin clots

Plasmin is essential in the process of fibrinolysis.

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11
Q

Which of the following is an intrinsic activator of plasminogen?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

tPA is crucial for initiating the breakdown of clots.

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12
Q

What does Prothrombin Time (PT) measure?

A

Extrinsic pathway

PT is used to evaluate the function of the extrinsic coagulation pathway.

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13
Q

A prolonged aPTT suggests a deficiency in:

A

Factors VIII, IX, XI, or XII

aPTT is used to assess the intrinsic pathway.

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14
Q

A high D-dimer level indicates:

A

Fibrin degradation and possible clot formation

Elevated D-dimer levels are often seen in thrombotic conditions.

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15
Q

Which of the following is an X-linked inherited disorder?

A

Hemophilia A

Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in Factor VIII.

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16
Q

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Von Willebrand Disease

This disorder affects platelet function and is often underdiagnosed.

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17
Q

Which lab test is prolonged in Hemophilia A?

A

aPTT

Hemophilia A specifically affects the intrinsic pathway.

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18
Q

A patient presents with thrombocytopenia and schistocytes on a blood smear. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

TTP is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.

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19
Q

Heparin works by:

A

Inhibiting thrombin

Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin.

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20
Q

Warfarin primarily affects which vitamin-dependent factors?

A

II, VII, IX, X

These factors are part of the extrinsic and common pathways.

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21
Q

What is the antidote for heparin overdose?

A

Protamine sulfate

Protamine sulfate is used to neutralize the effects of heparin.

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22
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitors include:

A

Dabigatran

These drugs directly inhibit thrombin and are used in anticoagulation therapy.

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23
Q

The process of hemostasis involves which three main components?

A

Vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors

These components work together to prevent bleeding.

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24
Q

Which of the following best describes endothelial cells in hemostasis?

A

They regulate clot formation and prevent unnecessary clotting

Endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health.

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25
Which clotting process occurs first following vascular injury?
Platelet adhesion ## Footnote This is the initial response to vascular injury, leading to primary hemostasis.
26
Platelet adhesion is primarily mediated by:
Von Willebrand Factor ## Footnote vWF is essential for platelet binding to damaged vessel walls.
27
The final goal of secondary hemostasis is to:
Convert fibrinogen to fibrin ## Footnote This stabilizes the platelet plug formed during primary hemostasis.
28
Which of the following statements is true regarding platelet activation?
Platelets change shape and release granules ## Footnote This is part of the process that enhances aggregation and clot formation.
29
The intrinsic pathway is primarily activated by:
Exposure of collagen ## Footnote This occurs when blood vessels are damaged.
30
Factor X plays a critical role in which pathway?
Common pathway ## Footnote Factor X is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
31
Which ion is necessary for several coagulation reactions?
Calcium ## Footnote Calcium ions are crucial for the activation of various clotting factors.
32
The extrinsic pathway is triggered by:
Tissue factor release ## Footnote Tissue factor is released from damaged tissues and initiates coagulation.
33
Which clotting factor is also known as prothrombin?
Factor II ## Footnote Prothrombin is converted to thrombin in the coagulation cascade.
34
Plasminogen is converted into plasmin by:
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) ## Footnote tPA is released from endothelial cells and initiates fibrinolysis.
35
Which of the following inhibits fibrinolysis?
Alpha-2 antiplasmin ## Footnote This protein regulates the breakdown of fibrin clots.
36
The primary function of fibrinolysis is to:
Dissolve fibrin clots ## Footnote Fibrinolysis is essential for resolving clots after healing.
37
What is the primary defect in Hemophilia A?
Factor VIII deficiency ## Footnote This leads to severe bleeding episodes.
38
A patient with a prolonged PT but a normal aPTT likely has a deficiency in:
Factor VII ## Footnote Factor VII is part of the extrinsic pathway.
39
Which of the following is characteristic of Von Willebrand Disease?
It affects platelet adhesion ## Footnote This disorder is due to a deficiency in Von Willebrand Factor.
40
A characteristic finding in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is:
Low platelet count and increased D-dimer ## Footnote DIC is a complex disorder characterized by both bleeding and clotting.
41
Which test assesses platelet function and vascular integrity?
Bleeding Time ## Footnote This test evaluates the primary hemostasis mechanism.
42
A deficiency in Factor XIII would result in:
A normal PT and aPTT but unstable clots ## Footnote Factor XIII is involved in stabilizing the fibrin clot.
43
A patient with a prolonged aPTT that corrects with a mixing study likely has:
A factor deficiency ## Footnote This indicates that the issue is due to a missing coagulation factor.
44
Warfarin acts by:
Inhibiting Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors ## Footnote This affects factors II, VII, IX, and X.
45
Heparin is monitored using which test?
aPTT ## Footnote aPTT is used to assess the effectiveness of heparin therapy.
46
Which anticoagulant requires PT/INR monitoring?
Warfarin ## Footnote PT/INR is essential for managing patients on warfarin.
47
What is the reversal agent for warfarin?
Vitamin K ## Footnote Vitamin K is used to restore the function of vitamin K-dependent factors.
48
Which anticoagulant directly inhibits thrombin?
Dabigatran ## Footnote Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor used in anticoagulation therapy.
49
Which condition would most benefit from fibrinolytic therapy?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ## Footnote Fibrinolytic therapy is used to dissolve clots in acute thrombotic events.
50
Which drug is a direct Factor Xa inhibitor?
Apixaban ## Footnote Direct Factor Xa inhibitors are used for anticoagulation in various conditions.
51
Hemostasis is the process of preventing blood loss while keeping blood flowing smoothly.
True
52
Platelets have a lifespan of approximately 30 days in circulation.
False ## Footnote Platelets typically live 9-12 days.
53
The coagulation cascade consists of the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways.
True
54
The extrinsic pathway is triggered by exposure to collagen.
False ## Footnote The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor release.
55
Factor X is the first factor in the common pathway.
True
56
Thrombin is responsible for converting fibrinogen into fibrin.
True
57
Von Willebrand disease affects platelet adhesion and Factor VIII levels.
True
58
Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in Factor IX.
False ## Footnote Hemophilia A is due to Factor VIII deficiency.
59
D-dimer levels are used to assess fibrin clot breakdown.
True
60
Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of Factors II, VII, IX, and X.
True
61
Heparin primarily affects the extrinsic pathway and is monitored using PT.
False ## Footnote Heparin affects the intrinsic pathway and is monitored using aPTT.
62
Warfarin works by directly inhibiting thrombin activity.
False ## Footnote Warfarin inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
63
A patient with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is at risk for both excessive clotting and bleeding.
True
64
Fibrinolysis refers to the process of breaking down blood clots.
True
65
Factor XIII deficiency leads to unstable clots that easily dissolve.
False ## Footnote Factor XIII deficiency leads to unstable clots that do not form properly.
66
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an important clot breakdown enzyme.
True
67
Platelet aggregation is mediated by fibrinogen and GPIIb/IIIa receptors.
True
68
Bleeding time is a commonly used test to assess coagulation factor deficiencies.
False ## Footnote Bleeding time assesses platelet function, not coagulation factors.
69
Thrombocytopenia refers to an abnormally high platelet count.
False ## Footnote Thrombocytopenia refers to a low platelet count.
70
Hypercoagulable states can be inherited or acquired.
True
71
Match the term 'Primary Hemostasis' with its correct description.
Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction
72
Match the term 'Secondary Hemostasis' with its correct description.
The stage where a fibrin clot is formed to stabilize the platelet plug
73
Match the term 'Intrinsic Pathway' with its correct description.
Coagulation cascade pathway triggered by collagen exposure
74
Match the term 'Extrinsic Pathway' with its correct description.
Coagulation cascade pathway triggered by tissue factor release
75
Match the term 'Common Pathway' with its correct description.
The pathway where Factor X is activated and clot formation is completed
76
Match the term 'Plasmin' with its correct description.
The main clot-dissolving enzyme
77
Match the term 'Factor XIII' with its correct description.
Converts a loose fibrin clot into a stable, crosslinked clot
78
Match the term 'Von Willebrand Factor' with its correct description.
Protein responsible for platelet adhesion
79
Match the term 'Heparin' with its correct description.
Anticoagulant that works by inhibiting antithrombin
80
Match the term 'Warfarin' with its correct description.
Anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
81
Match the term 'D-dimer' with its correct description.
A blood test that detects fibrin degradation products
82
Match the term 'Thrombin' with its correct description.
Final enzyme in clot formation, converts fibrinogen to fibrin
83
Match the term 'PT (Prothrombin Time)' with its correct description.
Lab test that evaluates the extrinsic pathway and is monitored for Warfarin therapy
84
Match the term 'aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)' with its correct description.
Lab test that evaluates the intrinsic pathway and is used to monitor Heparin therapy
85
Match the term 'Fibrinolysis' with its correct description.
The breakdown of blood clots
86
Match the term 'Thrombocytopenia' with its correct description.
A condition where platelets are abnormally low
87
Match the term 'Hemophilia A' with its correct description.
A bleeding disorder due to Factor VIII deficiency
88
Match the term 'DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)' with its correct description.
A clotting disorder where both excessive clotting and bleeding occur

Crit Coag (2 decks)

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