Coagulates and Dyslipidemia

Question 1

DVT definition

Answer 1

clot in the venous system, generally the legs due to poor flow

Question 2

pulmonary embolism definition

Answer 2

clot in the pulmonary veins, commonly emboli from a DVT

Question 3

coagulation medications

-classes

Answer 3

antithrombotic agents
antiplatelet agents
anticoagulant agents
thrombolytic agents

Question 4

antithrombotic agents

-what is it?

Answer 4

broad term for a drug taht has antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent

Question 5

antiplatelet agents

-function

Answer 5

inhibit platelet function

Question 6

anticoagulant agents

-function

Answer 6

alter clotting factors and prevent thrombus formation

Question 7

thrombolytic agents

-function

Answer 7

help break down thrombus once formed –> restore flow

Question 8

heparins

• what are they
• how do they work

Answer 8

anticoagulants

prevent clot formation by controlling function and synthesis of clotting factors

Question 9

anticoagulants: heparin

- therapeutic uses

Answer 9

ACS
atrial fibrillation
venous thromboembolism

Question 10

anticoagulants: heparin

- monitoring

Answer 10

s/s of bleeding

can see bruising near site of injection (stomach region)

Question 11

anticoagulants: heparin

- side effects and cautions/contraindications

Answer 11

bleeding

thrombocytopenia

Question 12

anticoagulants: heparin
- when is it used
- how is it delivered
- derived from…

Answer 12

commonly the initial agent used
not orally bioavailable, can only be given VI or subcutaneously
derived from pork

Question 13

heparin induced thrombocytopenia

-what is it

Answer 13

fall in platelets relates to heparin use
-will occur between 5-10 days after heparin exposure
high rate of thrombus formation –> amputation/death

Question 14

anticoagulants: LMWH

- therapeutic uses

Answer 14

ACS

venous thromboembolism

Question 15

anticoagulants: LMWH

- monitoring

Answer 15

S/S of bleeding

Question 16

anticoagulants: LMWH

- side effects and cautions

Answer 16

bleeding

thrombocytopenia

Question 17

anticoagulant agents

Answer 17

UFH
LMWH
factor Xa inhibitor
Warfarin
direct thrombin inhibitor
oral factor-Xa inhibitor

Question 18

Warfarin uses

Answer 18

treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

valvular heart disease

Question 19

what is the reversal agent of Warfarin

Answer 19

vitamin K

Question 20

warfarin

-what types of foods can contradict its function

Answer 20

green, leafy vegetables

Question 21

Warfarin

-side effects

Answer 21

bleeding

skin necrosis

Question 22

direct thrombin inhibitor

-therapeutic

Answer 22

non-valvular atrial fib
treatment and secondary prevention of VTE
VTE prophylaxis after hip and knee surgery

Question 23

anticoagulant

• side effect
• use

Answer 23

side effect
-bleeding
use
-venous thromboembolism

Question 24

antiplatelet agents

Answer 24

aspirin

P2Y12 inhibitors

Question 25

aspirin | -therapeutic uses

Answer 25

chronic stable/unstable angina primary/secondary MI prevention TIA/stroke atrial fib

Question 26

aspirin | -side effects

Answer 26

GI intolerance | bleeding

Question 27

P2Y12 inhibitors | -used with

Answer 27

used with aspirin

Question 28

P2Y12 inhibitors | -side effects

Answer 28

bleeding headache dyspnea (ticagrelor only)

Question 29

clinical presentation of a GI bleed

Answer 29

bloody, tarry stool | coffee ground vomit

Question 30

antiplatelets: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors | - mechanism

Answer 30

inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogem from binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor

Question 31

thrombolytics | -what do they do

Answer 31

break down already formed thrombus --> reestablishing blood flow

Question 32

thrombolytics | -therapeutic uses

Answer 32

stroke AMI massive PE catheter clearance

Question 33

thrombolytics monitoring

Answer 33

bleeding and vitals

Question 34

atherosclerosis -->

Answer 34

thrombosis --> infarction

Question 35

statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) | -actions

Answer 35

decrease cholesterol production in the liver | up-regulate LDL surface receptors --> increased LDL breakdown and decreased VLDL production --> decreased LDL production

Question 36

statins | -therapeutic uses

Answer 36

dyslipidemia post MI primary prevention of CV disease

Question 37

statins | -side effects

Answer 37

headache GI myalgia rhabdomyolysis

Question 38

when is the best time to take a statin

Answer 38

at bedtime

Question 39

lipid lowering agents

Answer 39

``` statins fibric acid derivatives nicotinic acid (Niacin) bile acid sequesterants Ezetimibe ```

Question 40

special considerations for these medications

Answer 40

be aware of the increased risk of bleeding in patients on anticoagulant medications -especially post-hip/knee surgery be aware of patients with hemophilia watch out for myopathies secondary to lipid lowering agents help with compliance (pharm and non-pharm)

Question 41

what to know for quiz

Answer 41

drug - class - mechanism - side effects - purpose - why a PT should care