Coagulation

Question 1

Zymogens/Inactive enzymes that circulates the blood

Answer 1

FACTORS: II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, PK

Question 2

Cofactors

Answer 2

HMWK, TF, VIII, V, PROTEIN Z, S, THROMBOMODULIN

Question 3

Substrate for enzymatic action of thrombin

Answer 3

Fibrinogen (F1)

Question 4

Primary enzyme of the coag. sys.

Answer 4

Thrombin

Question 5

Major purpose of coag.

Answer 5

• activate thrombin
• produce fibrin

Question 6

why does fxiii not a serine protease among other zymogens

Answer 6

it is a transglutaminase

Question 7

what activates fvii?
and what does it activates?

Answer 7

fvii is activated by tissue factor,
and it activates fix and fx

Question 8

what does fixa:viiia complex activates?

Answer 8

fx

Question 8

what does fxa:va complex activates?

Answer 8

prothrombin

Question 8

what must be activated to stabilize the clot

Answer 8

fxiii

Question 9

what will thrombin cleave/activate to produce clot

Answer 9

fibrinogen

Question 10

Positive feedback loop of thrombin

Answer 10

-activates fv,viii, xi, and platelets

Question 11

what activates fxii, pk, hmwk

Answer 11

negatively charged surfaces
bacteria cell membranes, heart valve prostheses…

Question 12

what activates factor xi

Answer 12

activated pk:hmwk

Question 13

which factor assemble only in platelets or cell membrane phospholipids

Answer 13

f4 ca+

Question 14

which factor does serine proteases bind to, on platelets

Answer 14

negatively charged phosphatidylserine (platelet factor 3)

Question 15

-are vitamin k dependent
-all have 10-12 glutamic acid near amino terminal end
-enumerate the factors

Answer 15

prothrombin group
fii, vii, ix, x
protein c, s, z

Question 16

-what catalyzes posttranslational modification
-what kind of modification does it pertains to
-what does this modification enables them to do

Answer 16

• vit. k
  -gamma carboxylation of amino-terminal glutamic acid
  -it enables them to bind with ca+ allowing them to bind in plt surfaces

Question 17

-inhibitor of vit. k
-what form of procoagulants are produced when they have been inhibited by this

Answer 17

-coumadin, warfarin
-des-y-carboxyl proteins or PIVKA protein induced by vitamin k antagonists factors

Question 18

extrinsic tenase complex

Answer 18

tf:viia

Question 19

intrinsic tenase

Answer 19

ixa:viiia

Question 20

prothrombinase

Answer 20

xa:va

Question 21

marker for thrombin generation

Answer 21

prothrombin fragment 1.2

Question 22

procoagulant cofactors

Answer 22

tf, viii, v

Question 23

cofactors of control proteins

Answer 23

thrombomodulin, protein s, z

Question 24

where does extrinsic complex forms

Answer 24

tf-bearing cells like fibroblasts, smooth m. cells

Question 25

intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase forms where

Answer 25

platelets (phosholipid membrane)

Question 26

transmembrane receptor for viia

Answer 26

tissue factor

Question 27

-cofactor initially released from a-granules of plts respon. for initial complex of prothrombinase releasing thrombin -are later further activated by small amounts of generated thrombin -inactivated by thrombin afterwards when not in need

Answer 27

fva

Question 28

-what inactivates factor v

Answer 28

protein c

Question 29

what activates protein c

Answer 29

thrombomodulin:thrombin

Question 30

explain how factor v is inactivated

Answer 30

complex of thrombomodulin and thrombin leads to activation of protein c which inactivates factor v

Question 31

cofactor for pk and factor xii (hageman)

Answer 31

hmwk (fitzgerald factor)

Question 32

activated when in contact with negatively charged surfaces like bacteria, valve pros., and during inflammation

Answer 32

intrinsic contact factor complex (xii:pk:hmwk)

Question 33

-transmembrane protein in ECs -thrombin cofactor in protein c pathway

Answer 33

thrombomodulin

Question 34

once thrombin is bound to it, thrombin loses its procoagulant ability

Answer 34

thrombomodulin

Question 35

negative feedbackloop of thrombin

Answer 35

binding to thrombomodulin activates protein c which in turn will inactive fv and viii

Question 36

cofactor for protein c and tfpi

Answer 36

protein s

Question 37

cofactor for zpi (z-dependent protease inhibitor)

Answer 37

protein z