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Geography GCSE > Coast 🏝 > Flashcards

Coast 🏝 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Define a coastline

A

A place at which the land meets the sea

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2
Q

What is weathering

A

The breakdown of rocks at the Earths surface, by the action of rainwater, extreme temperatures and biological activity

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3
Q

How is biological weathering caused

A

STRONG PLANT ROOTS can force cracks to widen rocks

ANIMALS burrowing and walking along the surface of the ground can weather it away

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4
Q

How is chemical weathering casued

A

CHEMICAL REACTIONS break down the bonds holding the rocks together breaking them into smaller pieces

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5
Q

How is physical weathering caused

A

WIND, RAIN & WAVES wear away rocks

FREEEZE-THAW

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of mass movement

A

Rock falls
Rock/ mud slides
Slumping

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7
Q

What are waves

A

A body of water moving towards a coastline at a higher than average level

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8
Q

What is backwash

A

Movement of water always at right angles to the sea

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9
Q

What is swash

A

Movement goes up at the angle of the wind

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of constructive waves

A

Strong swash, weak backwash
Created in calm weather
Deposit material
Long wave length, low in height

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11
Q

What are the characteristics for destructive waves

A 
Strong backwash, weak swash 
Created in storm conditions 
Erode the coast 
Short wave length, very steep 
Occur when energy is high and wave has travelled over a long fetch
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12
Q

What is a headland

A

Areas of resistant rock which protrude from the coastline

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13
Q

What is a bay

A

Areas of less resistant rock between 2 headlands which is quickly eroded

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14
Q

How is a wave cut platform formed

A

Erosion occurs at high (corrosion, solution, hydraulic action)
Undercutting occurs
A wave notch is formed at the base of the cliff
The resulting overhang collapses and the cliff retreats
A large area of flat rock is left at the base of the new cliff line- WAVE CUT PLATFORM

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15
Q

List the order of headland features leading up to a stump

A 
Line of weakness
Caves
Arch
Stack
Stump
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16
Q

What is longshore drift

A

The transport of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle

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17
Q

How does wave refraction work

A

As waves approach the coast they are refracted due to the shallow water causing the waves to slow down (friction)
This means their energy is concentrated around the headlines and reduced around the bays

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18
Q

Define the term: beach

A

The gently sloping area of land between the high and low watermarks

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19
Q

What is a spit

Study These Flashcards
A

A spit is a finger of land madeof sand and shingle that extends into the sea from the coastline

20
Q

Name four depositional landforms

Study These Flashcards
A 
Bars
Tombolo 
Dune
Beach
Spit
21
Q

Describe the formation of a dune

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A

Sand is blown and deposited when it hits in at obstacle
The sand of builds up overtime to form a ridge at the back of the beach
Vegetation can grow and dunes are formed

22
Q

Describe the formation of a tombolo 

Study These Flashcards
A

The spit grows out from the mainland in the direction of longshore drift and connects the mainland with the nearby island

23
Q

Describe the formation of a beach

Study These Flashcards
A

Waves approach the coastline parallel to it and their energy decreases as water depth decreases causing constructive waves to deposit material

24
Q

Describe the formation of a bar

Study These Flashcards
A

A spit will form and grow across the two headbands in the direction of LSD.
As material is deposited it creates a sandbank and leaves a trapped lagoon behind what’s known as a bar

25
Define concordant
Where bands of different rock type run parallel to the coastline
26
Define discordant
Layers of rock run at right angles to the coast
27
Give three ways you can manage the coast
Doing nothing Advance the line Hold the line
28
What does doing nothing mean for the coast
Letting the sea undertake it’s natural processes
29
What does ‘holding the line’ mean for the coast
Build protection at the current cliff face to prevent further loss
30
What does ‘advancing the line’ mean for the coast
Defences aimed at reclaiming small areas of land to assist with protection
31
What are the benefits of dune regeneration
Cheap (£2000 per hundred metre stretch) | Improves coastal ecosystem
32
What are the costs of dune regeneration
Can take years for dunes to be established | Need to provide walkways to prevent trampling 
33
What are the benefits of beach profiling
No new material needs to be found or added | Protects areas behind beach
34
What are the costs of beach profiling
Expensive (£200,000 per year) due to time and equipment | High crested beaches can seem artificial to visitors
35
What are the benefits of managed realignment
Sustainable long-term solution especially with rising sea levels Creates new intertidal habitats
36
What are the costs of managed realignment
Relies on purchase of land and property to be flooded | Habitats for coastal land-based species are lost due to flooding
37
What are the benefits of sea walls
Give tourists a nice place to walk along the coast
38
What are the costs of sea walls
Expensive (£5000 per metre) Seen as ugly by many Requires maintenance
39
What are the costs of beach nourishment
Needs to be replaced regularly
40
What are the benefits of beach nourishment
Natural appearance Little environmental impact Larger beach- more space for visitors
41
What are the costs of rock armour
Not attractive
42
What are the benefits of rock armour
``` Quick build Relatively cheap (£1000-£3000 per metre) ```
43
What are the costs of gabions
Have to be replaced regularly Only work on sand beaches as shingle would break them down Short life span as steel cages rust
44
What are the benefits of Gabions
Cheap (£10 a metre) | If made from stainless steel can last 25+ years
45
What are the benefits of groynes
``` Life span of 20-30 years Relatively cheap (£5000 each) No maintenance ```
46
What are the costs of groynes
Causes issues further down the coast - starving coastline of material Causes a barrier on beach (users can’t cross)

Geography GCSE (10 decks)

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