•Coast Case Studies

Question 1

Old Harry

Answer 1

Cliff/ Headland

Cave

Arch

Wave-Cut botch

Stack

Question 2

Canada’s Bay of Fundy

Answer 2

Highest Tidal Range

Question 3

Majorca

Answer 3

Low tidal range

Question 4

Stair hole, Dorset

Answer 4

Fault and fold

Change in angle of dip influencing the rate of erosion

Question 5

Isle of Purbeck

Answer 5

South coast is concordant
Same rock- purbeck limestone
Prevailing wind caused erosion- high energy- lulworth cove

East coast is discordant
Bays and headlands like Swanage Bay (sand and clay) and Durlston Head
Low energy- depositional coast
Differential erosion

Question 6

Lulworth cove

Answer 6

Horse-shoe shaped bay on isle of purbeck

River swollen by melt water flowed overland to sea

River cut a valley which created weaknesses and erosion occurred

Formed a pan shaped inlet

Coven enlarged and eroded greensand rock

Question 7

Chesil beach

Answer 7

Tombolo

Classic sediment

Question 8

Cherbourg peninsula

Answer 8

At the headland, refraction is created.

Question 9

Holderness coast

Answer 9

Retreating at 2mm per year

Coastal flooding and erosion

Strong winds and soft rock

Question 10

Kimmeridge, Dorset

Answer 10

Wave cut platform
Headland
Cliff

Question 11

Etretat, Normandy, France

Answer 11

Bay 
Headland 
Cliff
Stack
Arch

Question 12

Dover, Kent

Answer 12

Cliff

Wave cut platform

Question 13

Santa Cruz Island, California

Answer 13

Cave

Question 14

Baja, California, Mexico

Answer 14

Arch

Stack

Question 15

Algarve coast, Portugal

Answer 15

Stack

Question 16

Cape code, Massachusetts, USA

Answer 16

Sand dunes

Sand dunes

Question 17

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA

Answer 17

Barrier Island

Question 18

Chesil beach, Dorset

Answer 18

Tombolo

Question 19

Offshore bar, NY

Answer 19

Bar

Question 20

Champagne Bay, Vanuatu

Answer 20

Sand Beach

Question 21

Farewell Spit, New Zealand

Answer 21

Spit

Salt marsh

Question 22

Dawlish Warren

Answer 22

Spit

Question 23

Chesil beach, Dorset

Answer 23

Tombolo
Lagoon - The fleet

Some suggest it formed because of sea level change instead of longshore drift

Question 24

Tombolo di Orbetello, Italy

Answer 24

Tombolo

2 tombolos join an island to the mainland of Rome

Question 25

North Carolina

Answer 25

Barrier Island

Question 26

Suffolk County, Long Island, NY

Answer 26

Offshore Bars Lagoons Baymouth Bar

Question 27

Slapton sands, Devon

Answer 27

Offshore Bars Lagoons Baymouth Bar

Question 28

Outer Hebrides, Scotland

Answer 28

Barrier Island

Question 29

Kent

Answer 29

Cuspate foreland

Question 30

Barton on sea

Answer 30

Input: Cliff erosion- 0.75 to 1.2 m per year Silty material from rivers and streams Tidal currents carry sand around Hengistbury Head and enters Christchurch Bay Output: Material moved to Hurst Castle Spit and Offshore Banks East to west movement from Shingles Bank Undertows that scour beach of material

Question 31

The Solva, Pembrokeshire, Wales

Answer 31

Rias

Question 32

The Sundarbans, Bangladesh

Answer 32

Salt marsh and Mudflats Used as a defence for low lying Bangladesh

Question 33

Morfa Harlech, Wales

Answer 33

Sand Dunes

Question 34

Dunes of Flanders, France

Answer 34

Sand dunes

Question 35

The Norwegian Coast

Answer 35

Fjord

Question 36

The Dalmatian Coast, Croatia

Answer 36

Dalmatian

Question 37

Gruinard Bay, Sutherland, Scotland

Answer 37

Raised Beach

Question 38

St Govan’s Head, Pembrokeshire, South West Wales

Answer 38

Marine Platform

Question 39

The Netherlands

Answer 39

Low lying land

Question 40

Belgium

Answer 40

85% of the coastline is considered artificial due to management strategies and infrastructure

Question 41

Mappleton & Great Cowden, North Sea, East Yorkshire

Answer 41

Became protected by the council in the 1990s Hold the line Protected the road Unattractive Issues for later coastline

Question 42

Canvey Island

Answer 42

``` 1m above sea level Tides can be 2m higher than this 6m high sea wall Densely populated Oil storage facility Existing sea defences are effective Sea level changes are causing concern ```

Question 43

Thames estuary

Answer 43

Sinking at 1.5mm/yr 2100 estimated to be 12cm lower than today Sea levels rise by 3mm per year 40,000 people vulnerable ``` Solution: Community havens being introduced onto higher land Introduced escape and refuge plans Multi-storey buildings Managed retreat Safe havens Access shelters Adaptation in community Mitigation ```

Question 44

Chichester Harbour

Answer 44

Open system