Coastal Landscapes Flashcards
(13 cards)
What characterises a dalmatian coast?
When previous valleys are flooded by the rise in sea level, the tops of the valleys remain above the surface of the sea and appear to be a series of islands that run parallel to the coastline.
What is a concordant coastline?
A concordant, longitudinal, or Pacific type coastline occurs where beds, or layers, of differing rock types are folded into ridges that run parallel to the coast. The outer hard rock (for example, granite) provides a protective barrier to erosion of the softer rocks (for example, clays) further inland.
What are the characteristics of an emergent coastline?
Often raised beaches prevail which are former areas of wave-cut platform that are present heightened above sea level. Fossil sea caves can be found at the back of so along with stacks and arches; these are often called relic cliffs.
What is a fjord and what is a fjard?
Both are former glacial valleys that have been flooded by the sea. Fjords are characterized by steep high relief cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels. Fjards are a glacial depression or valley that has much lower relief than a fjord.
What is a fossil cliff?
Cliff containing fossils.
What are bedding planes and joints?
Planes: The surface that separates each successive layer of a stratified rock from its preceding layer.
Joints: A joint is a break (fracture) of natural origin in the continuity of either a layer or body of rock that lacks any visible or measurable movement parallel to the surface (plane) of the fracture. Although they can occur singly, they most frequently occur as joint sets and systems.
What is a haff coast?
A coast with a long shallow lagoon separated from the open sea by a narrow sandbar or barrier beach.
What is a ria?
A coastal inlet formed by the flooding and partial submergence of a river valley.
What are the characteristics of a submergent coastline?
Rias and fjords/fjards.
What is a discordant coastline?
A discordant coastline occurs where bands of different rock type run perpendicular to the coast. The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays.
When was the holocene period?
The Holocene is the geological epoch that began after the Pleistocene at approximately 11,700 years before present
When was the pleistocene period?
The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world’s most recent period of repeated glaciations.
What is the Quaternary period?
Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (2.588 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and the Holocene (11.7 thousand years ago to today). The informal term “Late Quaternary” refers to the past 0.5–1.0 million years.
