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Geography GCSE > Coastal Management Strategies > Flashcards

Coastal Management Strategies Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four hard engineering strategies.

A

Sea walls, groynes, gabions, rock armour.

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2
Q

What are sea walls?

A

Commonly a concrete structure placed at the top of a beach or foot of a cliff to act as a physical barrier to the sea, preventing erosion or flooding.

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3
Q

What is the cost of a sea wall?

A

Up to £1 million per 100 metres.

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4
Q

What are the advantages of a sea wall?

A

Effective ​
Often has a walkway or promenade for people to walk along.

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of a sea wall?

A

Can look obtrusive and unnatural.​
Very expensive and high maintenance costs.

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6
Q

What are groynes?

A

Timber or rock structures protruding into the sea at right angle to the coast. Sediment is trapped between the groynes, broadening the beach and affording greater protection to the coast by absorbing wave energy.

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7
Q

What are the costs of groynes?

A

£150,000, each at 200 metre intervals.

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8
Q

What are the advantages of groynes?

A

Create wider beach, which can be popular with tourists.
Provide useful structures for people interested in fishing.
Not too expensive

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of groynes?

A

By interrupting longshore drift they starve beaches further along the coast, often leading to increased rates of erosion elsewhere. The problem is therefore shifted.
Groynes are unnatural.​

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10
Q

What is rock armour?

A

Large, extremely tough boulders placed at the foot of a cliff or against a sea wall, forcing waves to break early, reducing their energy and protecting the coast from their full force.

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11
Q

What is the cost of rock armour?

A

£200,000 per 100 metres.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of rock armour?

A

Relatively cheap and easy to maintain.
Can provide interest to the coast.
Often used for fishing.​

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of rock armour?

A

Rocks are usually from other parts of the coastline or even from abroad.
Expensive to transport.
Do not fit with the local geology.

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14
Q

What are gabions?

A

Wire cages filled with rocks commonly built up against a cliff to add support and reduce erosion. Being permeable, they improve cliff drainage.

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15
Q

What are the costs of gabions?

A

£50,000 per 100 metres.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of gabions?

A

Cheap to produce.
Improve drainage of cliffs​
Eventually become vegetated.

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of gabions?

A

Unattractive.
Only last 5-10 years before they rust. ​

18
Q

Name the four soft engineering strategies.

A

Beach nourishment, dune regeneration, dune fencing and coastal realignment & monitoring.

19
Q

What does beach nourishment involve?

A

The addition (feeding) of sand or pebbles to a beach to increase its height and/or width, providing protection from erosion or flooding by absorbing wave energy.

20
Q

What is the cost of beach nourishment?

A

£500,000 per 100 metres.

21
Q

What are the advantages of beach nourishment?

A

Relatively cheap and easy to maintain.​
Blends in with existing beach.​
Increases tourist potential.

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of beach nourishment?

A

Needs constant maintenance unless structures are built to retain the beach.

23
Q

What does dune regeneration involve?

A

Plants such as marram grass can be sown to stabilise sand dunes and encourage them to develop, acting as a natural buffer to the sea.

24
Q

What is the cost of dune regeneration?

A

Approximately £2,000 per 100 metres.

25
Q

What are the advantages of dune regeneration?

A

Maintains a natural coastal environment that is popular with people and wildlife.​
Relatively cheap.

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of dune regeneration?

A

Time-consuming to plant the marram grass and fence areas off.​
Can be damaged by storms.

27
Q

What does dune fencing involve?

A

Fences used to protect dunes from human use, to prevent erosion from trampling and other activities.

28
Q

What are the costs of dune fencing?

A

£2,000 per 100 metres.

29
Q

What are the advantages of dune fencing?

A

Minimal impact on natural systems.​
Can control public access to protect other ecosystems.​

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of dune fencing?

A

Can be unsightly especially if fences become broken.​
Regular maintenance needed specially after storms.

31
Q

What does coastal realignment & monitoring involve?

A

Deliberately allowing the sea to erode or flood an area in a controlled way.

32
Q

What are the costs of coastal realignment & monitoring?

A

Depends on land value –between £5,000 and £10,000.

33
Q

What are the advantages of coastal realignment & monitoring?

A

Cost-effective where hard and soft management strategies are targeted at expensive land.

34
Q

What are the disadvantages of coastal realignment & monitoring?

A

Loss of natural habitats. ​

Geography GCSE (11 decks)

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