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A Level Physical Geog > Coasts 1 > Flashcards

Coasts 1 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What words to use for system (10)

A

Dynamic equilibrium,
Energy,
Open/closed
Input
Output
Feedback loops
Sediment
Processes
Store

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2
Q

How does thermal energy affect coastline

A

From the sun
Weathering
Heating and cooling = expanding…

High temp increases rate of reaction

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3
Q

How does chemical energy affect the coastline

A

From the sun
Photosynthesis
Biological weathering

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4
Q

How does GPE affect the coast

A

Movement caused by virtue of height

Mass movement - releases energy

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5
Q

How does kinetic energy affect the coastline

A

Wind from sun
Wind imparts kinetic energy to waves

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6
Q

What are open and closed systems

A

Open - sediment enter and leave freely

Closed - sentiment can’t enter and leave freely

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7
Q

What’s matter

A

Clay
Sand
Pebbles
Boulders

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8
Q

What’s happening on a dynamic coastline ( inputs ) (5)

A

Fluvial imputed
Offshore inputs
Cliffs
Human
Aeolian

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9
Q

What’s happening on a dynamic coastline ( outputs )

A

Pulled offshore
Humans
Aeolian
Coastal features

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10
Q

What’s feedback in coastal system

A

Inputs = outputs
Equilibrium

If this is disturbed it will self regulate

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11
Q

Negative and positive feedback

A

N - reduce change
p- increase change

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12
Q

How many sediment cells in England

A

11

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13
Q

What are sediment cell boundaries determined by

A

Physical features
Topography

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14
Q

What are sediment cells used for

A

To manage coastlines more affective and to reduce the possibility of consequences affecting other areas

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15
Q

SUBCELL 2A
What are the 2 boundaries

A

Flamborough head to sunk island

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16
Q

SUBCELL 2A

What are the 3 sources and how much

A

Flamborough head
Smithic sands
Soft boulder clay

3million m*3 a year

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17
Q

SUBCELL 2A
What’s the outputs

A

Sunk island
Humber estuary

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18
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( WIND )

How does fetch affect

A

The distance over which the wind has blown - longer fetch = higher waves

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19
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( WIND )

How does the fetch influence the uk

Study These Flashcards
A

The uk has a wet and mild climate due to travelling over a long time from a warm climate ( Atlantic Ocean )

20
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( WIND )

HOW DOES IT INFLUENCE COASTAL SYSTEM ( actual question )

Study These Flashcards
A
  • wind imparts energy via frictional drag
  • longer fetch = higher waves
  • higher waves = destructive causing erosion and a sediment imput
  • the direction of wind eg: sw in uk meaning warm and moist wind increases chemical weathering and oxidisation
21
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( WAVES )

What’s the relationship between wave height and wave energy ( stats )

Study These Flashcards
A

Non liner
Eg Atlantic wave height = 5 and the energy = 200

Channel wave height is 0.6 and the energy = 2.1

22
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( WAVES )

How does it influence coastal system ( actual question )

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Long fetch = more energy for frictional drag
  • higher waves and energy = erosion
  • erosional features + mass movement
23
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( TIDES )

What’s are the names of the tides

Study These Flashcards
A

Coming in = flooding tide
Goes out = ebbing tide

24
Q

PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( TIDES )

How are tides influenced + example

Study These Flashcards
A

Moons gravity pulls on water influencing waves

Funnel bays influence tidal magnitude e.g. bay of fundy 15m

25
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( TIDES ) What’s happens to coasts with higher tidal range
More erosion - water can reach higher and lower E.g. salt crystallisation weathering
26
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( TIDES ) How does the tide influence the coastal system ( actual question )
- flooding tides bring energy and sediment - ebbing tides take sediment and energy away - higher tidal range = increased impact
27
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( SURFACE CURRENTS ) what are the features of surface currents
- large scale - wind driven via frictional drag - 100M deep
28
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( SURFACE CURRENTS ) Example of surface current
Gulf Stream originating from tropical Atlantic - fast current bringing heat
29
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( SURFACE CURRENTS ) How does it affect coastal system ( actual question )
- bring sediment from long distances and also takes away - Gulf Stream brings thermal energy = increases ROR and oxidation of iron within sand
30
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( RIP CURRENTS ) Features and what are they
- strong localised narrow current of water, moving directly away from the shore, cutting through breaking waves
31
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( RIP CURRENTS ) What can they do
Modify coastlines - by forming cups
32
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( RIP CURRENTS ) How do they affect the coastal system
Take large amounts of sediment away from a location area
33
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) what types of structures are there and describe them
complex = faults, joints,bedding planes - this increases chancea of erosion by hydraulic action - porosity - holes within - permeability - holes connected within = more prone for mass movements
34
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) whats the different types of geology
- structure - lithology - discordant - strata
35
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) how does lithology affect coastline , 2 examples
- the physical and chemical composition pembookshire - basalt = strong interlocking crystles - less sediment imput, resistant to erosion walton - london clay and red crag = soft rock - vunerable for erosion - has more depositional features
36
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) how does strata affect coastline ( 3 )
- horizontal strata - seawood dipping - landwood dipping can evaluate that strata is not important for sediment but is for topography
37
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) how does discordant coastlines affect the coast
- alternating hard and soft rock the waves are refracted onto the headlines meaning more erosion occours to form e.g. stacks and stumps energy drops in bays and therefore more depositional features e.g beaches
38
PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING COASTLINE ( GEOLOGY ) how does geology alter the coastline ( actual question )
low sediment - less complex structure - hard lithology - strata not important high sediment - complex structure - soft lithology - discordant coastlines
39
EROSION what does gromorphic and erosion mean
geomorphic - relating to the formation and shaping of landforms and landscapes by natural processes erosion - the wearing away and/or removal ove any rocks and other material by a movisng force
40
EROSION marine processes - erosion techniques
marine = waved influenced processes abrasion - rocks hitting cliff HA - waves into cracks - air compressed attrition - rocks hitting one another solution - acidity of the water
41
EROSION marine processes - transportation techniques
solution - disolved particles suspesion - carrying saltation -- bouncing traction - rolling
42
EROSION marine processes - deposition facts, settling velocity
- input of sediment is greater then the output - lower energy areas means more deposition e.g. estuary, lee of headlands e.g. smithic sands - settling velocity - speed required for suspened particles of a given size, transportated by rivers, wind and tides to be deposited - heavies sediment deposited first
43
EROSION physical factors of significance of marine processes
range - difference between high and low tide, higher tidal rand = more energy wave energy - increased wave energy from frictional drag geology - lithology, complexity, discordant coastlines
44
WEATHERING subarial process - difference between weathering and erosion
weathered materia doesnt need to be moved away , unlike erosion
45
WEATHERING subarial process - mechanical processes and area ( 4 )
- high latitude processes: - freeze thaw - thermal expansion - pressure release - rocks under high pressure = flaking - salt crystalisation
46
WEATHERING subarial process - chemical processes and area
tropics - high temp and moisture - rust/oxidation - carbonation = limestone ( calcium carbonate ) dissolved by weak acids e.g. cabonic acid vant holts law = increased 10 degrees celcius increased chemical reaction

A Level Physical Geog (8 decks)

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