Coasts

Question 1

Soil Creep

Answer 1

Very slow movement of particles down a hill

- Freeze thaw and wetting and drying caused rise, and fall by gravity

Question 2

Mudflow

Answer 2

Earth and Mud flowing downhill quickly

• Weak bedrock
• heavy rainfall increasing pore pressure as water is trapped
• Particles forces apart causing a fail

Question 3

Landslide

Answer 3

Block of rock quickly moving down a planar surface

• Block is intact and dangerous
• Earthquakes or heavy rainfall which reduce friction

Question 4

Rockfall

Answer 4

Sudden collapse of rock fragments of a cliff

• Earthquakes and freeze thaw on vertical cliffs
• Steep cliffs

Question 5

Land slip

Answer 5

Weak clays and sands are on harder rock, building up water pressure
- Break of slope in curved manner

Question 6

Soil Fluction

Answer 6

Soil creep in cold environments

• saturated soil on impermeable ground
• moves downhill slowly by flow and heave

Question 7

Strata

Answer 7

Layers of force

Question 8

Bedding planes

Answer 8

Horizontal and natural breaks in strata caused by gaps during formation

Question 9

Joints

Answer 9

Vertical fracture in rock caused by earth movement and contraction

Question 10

Folds

Answer 10

Pressure during tectonic activity causes it

Question 11

Faults

Answer 11

Lots of stress on rock that it can’t handle so it slips and fractures

Question 12

Dip

Answer 12

Angle of strata

Question 13

Sediment cell

Answer 13

Stretch of coastline where movement of sediment is contained (inputs, transfers, stores, outputs)

Question 14

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 14

When inputs and outputs in a system are balanced

Question 15

Tómbola

Answer 15

Beach formed between small island and mainland

Question 16

Offshore bar

Answer 16

Submerged ridges of sand made by waves offshore from coast

Question 17

Eustatic change

Answer 17

Global changes to sea lvl due to atmospheric changed

Question 18

Isostatic change

Answer 18

Local land level changes depending on location

Question 19

Ría

Answer 19

Permanently flooded river valley and estuary

Question 20

Fjord

Answer 20

Flooded glacial troughs occupied by sea

Question 21

Raised beach

Answer 21

Flat area above joint tide with old cliff line further back

Question 22

Dalmatian coast

Answer 22

Spots of island running parallels to coast

Question 23

Cliff regrading

Answer 23

Reducing off angle to stabilize a cliff

Question 24

Drainage

Answer 24

Removing water from an area to prevent landslides

Question 25

Ridges

Answer 25

Areas where beach forms a small valley which dips into a runnel

Question 26

Berms

Answer 26

Gently inclining area at top of beach with little wave action

Question 27

Cusps

Answer 27

Crescent shaped embayments like small headlands and bays on beach