coasts

Question 1

Coast

Answer 1

Where the land meets the sea

Question 2

erosion

Answer 2

The wearing away of the coastline

Question 3

Transportation

Answer 3

The movement of material along a coastline

Question 4

Deposition

Answer 4

The dropping of material at the coastline

Question 5

Hydraulic Action

Answer 5

Erosion caused when air is forced into cracks and crevasses in a cliff by incoming waves. This is repeated again and again loosening the rock from the cliff

Question 6

Abrasion

Answer 6

Erosions caused when waves pick up rocks and pebbles and throw them against the cliff face wearing it away

Question 7

Solution

Answer 7

Certain types of rock, such as chalk, react with seawater which is a weak acid. The rock is weakened, and eventually the cliffs collapse

Question 7

Attrition

Answer 7

Erosion created when rocks bang against each other and against the cliff. Each impact chips bits off, leading to material becoming smaller, more rounded and smoother.

Question 8

Headland

Answer 8

A piece of land sticking out into the sea, made of more resistant (harder) rock

Question 9

Bay

Answer 9

An inlet cut into the coastline, created by the more rapid erosion of softer rock

Question 10

arch

Answer 10

Where erosion has broken through a headland, leaving an arch

Question 11

blow hole

Answer 11

Where a network of caves collapses inside a cliff, leaving a gaping hole in the cliff top.

Question 12

stack

Answer 12

A column of rock left standing in the sea by the erosion of the land around it

Question 13

stump

Answer 13

The remains of a stack that has collapsed

Question 14

Wave-cut notch

Answer 14

A cut into the base of any cliff that is being eroded

Question 15

Wave-cut platform

Answer 15

A rocky platform of rock stretching from the cliff into the sea. This is what is left behind when a cliff retreats due to erosion

Question 16

Fetch

Answer 16

The distance over which the wind has been able to travel uninterrupted across a stretch of sea

Question 17

Swash

Answer 17

Waves breaking up the beach

Question 18

Backwash

Answer 18

Waves moving off the beach

Question 19

Longshore Drift

Answer 19

The movement of sediment along a coast

Question 20

Spit

Answer 20

A coastal feature created by transportation and deposition. It is a tongue of land sticking into the sea where a coastline suddenly changes direction

Question 21

Salt marsh

Answer 21

A low-energy environment created by the deposition of sediment behind a spit

Question 22

Coastal management

Answer 22

Protecting the coastline to defend it from erosion

Question 23

Re-curved Seawall

Answer 23

A large and expensive form of coastal defence in the form or a wall with a curve at the top, to deflect the energy of the waves back onto themselves

Question 24

Rock Armour

Answer 24

Large boulders piled up on a beach to prevent erosion by absorbing the energy of the waves

Question 25

Revetments

Answer 25

Slatted wooden coastal defences that absorb wave energy

Question 26

Groynes

Answer 26

Wooden, concrete or rock fences that run at right angels (perpendicular) to the beach to prevent the movement of sediment by longshore drift

Question 27

Beach replenishment

Answer 27

Artificially adding sediment to a beach to increase its size