Coasts case studies Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is the average annual erosion rate at Holderness?
Around 2m per year.
What human factor contributes to erosion at Holderness?
Sediment starvation due to coastal defences in other places.
What physical factors cause erosion at Holderness?
Strong prevailing winds, soft boulder clay, long fetch (1,500 km), and north-easterly storms.
Why does boulder clay erode faster than other materials?
It is soft and formed from glacial deposits; rainwater weighs it down, making it unstable.
What percentage of Accra’s coastline is eroding?
82% at 1.13m per year.
What are the human causes of erosion in Ghana?
Inadequate coastal management, sand mining, and ecosystem modification.
What are the physical causes of erosion in Ghana?
Sea level rise, weathering, and sediment transport.
Where is the Jurassic Coast located?
On the English Channel coast, South England.
What is unique about Lulworth Cove?
It is horseshoe-shaped and formed by waves cutting through resistant Portland stone.
What geological features are at Durdle Door?
Concordant coastline, vertical strata, narrow rock bands.
Jurassic Coast? (erosion rate and sediment layer)
Moderate erosion with fossil-rich sediment layers.
How far inland did the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami reach in some places?
Up to 3km.
What were the social impacts of the tsunami?
1,000 German and Swedish tourists died.
What economic impact did the flooding from the tsunami have?
Farmland flooded or contaminated, drainage patterns changed.
What environmental impacts occurred?
Coral reefs and mangroves destroyed, fish population lost.
What caused the 1953 and 2013 North Sea storm surges?
Windstorms combined with high spring tides.
What infrastructure was built after 1953?
Thames Barrier and increased sea walls.
What were the 2013 storm surge impacts?
Flooding, rail shutdown, 100,000 homes without power, 2,500 homes flooded.
Why is Bangladesh vulnerable to storm surges?
Low-lying delta, intense rainfall, and shape of Bay of Bengal.
How have impacts changed over time in Bangladesh?
Death tolls decreased due to cyclone shelters and improved aid.
What is a major human impact of storm surges in Bangladesh?
Millions forced to evacuate.
How will sea level rise affect Australia in the future?
$162 billion in damage, threat to 75 health services, and tourism loss.
What is the projected annual loss in the Philippines due to flooding?
$6.5 billion.
Which areas are most at risk in the Philippines?
East coast and Manila Bay (2.3 million people by 2100).
