Coasts Kq2 Case Studies

Question 1

What are fisheries and aquaculture

Answer 1

Fisheries are areas where fish are bred and raised to meet the growing demands for fish.
Aquaculture is the farming of fish in cages or ponds close to coasts.
33% of worlds fish supply comes from fisheries.
Eg: Ca Mau, Vietnam which produces shrimp.
60,000 Ha of mangroves are cleared to create fish ponds.
Production in 2010 reached US800 million.

Question 2

Housing and transportation

Answer 2

Kukup, Malaysia- floating fish farms and stilt house communities
Local transport by ferrys and boats.
It has now become a tourist attraction which is the main source of income for the community.

Question 3

Tourism and recreation

Answer 3

Coastal areas are places of scenic beauty where ppl visit.
Tourism at coastal areas makes up the most important component of international tourism
Eg Sentosa.

Question 4

Where are coral reefs found

Answer 4

Found in shallow tropical and sub-tropical coastal waters between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer.
Throughout the islands of SEA, australia and the Pacific islands.

Question 5

Overcollection of corals

Answer 5

For personal or commercial use
The over collection of corals weakens them and disrupts the coral ecosystem, making them more vulnerable to threats
Eg Philippines.

Question 6

Dynamite blasting and the use of cyanide to stun fish

Answer 6

Coral reef habitat is destroyed

Eg: Philippine and Indonesia

Question 7

Spearfishing

Answer 7

The selective depletion of the fish population can affect the ecosystem food chain eg: parrot fish eta algae which could hinder coral reef growth.
Belize Bonaire, the Netherlands

Question 8

Recreational use of coast

Answer 8

Tourism activities such as the unplanned expansion of coastal resorts and teh anchoring of boats.
Sewage waste discharged into water and oil spills from boats pollutes the water, stressing the corals and the anchoring of boats can damage corals.
Eg Sri Lanka

Question 9

Coastal development:reclamation of and extension of land by dumping sand and rocks into reefs

Answer 9

The sediments can suffocate teh coral reefs and kill them

Eg Japan

Question 10

Coastal development: expansion of coastal areas and urban housing increases the likelihood of more waste being dumped into the sea.

Answer 10

The sediments suffocate the coral reefs and kill them

Eg: Florida.

Question 11

Climate change.

Answer 11

Rapid changes in sea temperatures and sea levels may be faster than the ability of corals and their associated life forms to adjust.
Coral bleaching occurs when higher sea temperatures result in the loss of algae which causes corals to become bleached.
Eg Seychelles.

Question 12

Distribution of mangroves

Answer 12

Found along coasts of tropical and sub-tropical countries between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer.
Eg Bangladesh, northern Australia and Borneo.

Question 13

Reasons for distribution

Answer 13

Mangroves have adapted to grow naturally in brackish environments.
They are normally found along sheltered Low-lying coasts and river estuaries with muddy and waterlogged land.

Question 14

Breeding ground and habitat for marine creatures

Answer 14

Barnacles, oysters and sponges anchor to the hard surfaces of the roots.
Shrimps and crabs obtain food from the muddy sediments
Young fish use the mangrove as a nursery, seeking shelter from predators in the tangle of roots.

Question 15

Clearing fo mangroves for fuel wood and construction

Answer 15

Mangroves are cleared for fuel and construction, especially in countries with Low technology and Low income economies
Fish breeding ground sare reduced and coasts become more prone to erosion
Eg indoneisa

Question 16

Conversion to other land uses

Answer 16

Thousands of hectares of flat, well-watered mangroves are converted into paddy fields and shrimp farms.
Mangroves are cleared and coast become more vulnerable.
Eg Thailand and Vietnam

Question 17

Coastal development

Answer 17

Land is reclaimed for housing, industry and recreational uses.
Mangroves largely disappear from teh environment and coatl waters are largely polluted fom human activities.
Eg Caribbean islands

Question 18

Rising sea levels

Answer 18

Rising sea levels and extreme storm activity are likely to occur if climate change accelerates.
Mangroves will have trouble colonising areas inland despite sea level rise as they will be in completion with human activities such as farming and the construction of sea defences.
Eg Gulf of Thailand.