Coasts KQ4 Flashcards
What does an integrated management plan need to consider?
Coastal processes
Demands from wildlife, agriculture, recreation, settlements and industry
Sustainability in the future
Planning is concerned with the development of strategies that aim to…
Develop resources Segregate conflicts Maximise benefits Minimise costs ALL IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY
What is management concerned with?
The implementation of strategies such as building coastal defences in order to protect a stretch of coastline.
Why is successful management so difficult to do?
Conflicts
Problems are not tackled quickly enough
Lack of control - DEFRA has overall control the Environment Agency has the technical know-how and the Local Government has the local knowledge and knows how to please residents.
What is the shoreline management plan?
Examines the risks of processes and suggests how to manage these risks.
What does the shoreline management plan include?
Sediment cells - where sediment moves within
Within each cell they identify the economic/environmental assets, assess issues/conflicts and propose the defence plan.
What does DEFRA criteria include?
Hold the line - maintain the existing defences
Advance the line - building new defences
Managed retreat - allow flooding but monitor it
No active intervention - no investment
What is the the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Scheme?
This plan includes the whole coastal area for example…
Habitat destruction / pollution / declining fish stocks / biodiversity / economic decline / social deprivation / sustainable development
What the schemes need to consider before they are implemented?
Cost benefit analysis - the economic / social / environmental costs and benefits to the scheme
Environmental impact assessment - impact of a project so that any damage can be controlled and minimised.
Case study example of a coastal management scheme?
Holkham Nature Reserve - 500,000 visitor p/a
How was pressure managed? Zonation - zoning off areas to recover then swapping - Flooding - the marshes to allow birds to migrate there - Boardwalks - to help prevent visitors damaging habitats through walking on them - Building - houses to help provide an income to fund the protection and visitor facilities to attract more visitors to help fund it.
Explain the Norfolk Shoreline Management plan?
Split into short/medium/long term. In ST it is concentrating on “holding the line” to protect settlements. In MT it is concentrating on “managed realignment” this will continue through LT until i
The shoreline has reached its natural position it would be at if there was no protection. The beach will then widen and eventually groynes and other similar measures can be put in place.
What is the constitutional monarchy?
The Al. Maktoum family control the wealth of the country and try to diversify their economy and diverts money to the Sovereign investment fund and invests it around the world.
How many dollars is in the Dubai Sovereign wealth funds (2012)?
$70 billion
How much of the world reserves of gas and oil does Dubai have?
- 01% of the gas
0. 2% of the oil
How have they tried to diversify the economy of Dubai?
Their port - Jebel Ali is the 2nd largest man-made port in the world
Free trade zones have been created - Dubai Internet and Media cities and the Dubai Knowledge Village have attracted TNC’s like Microsoft.
Landmark mega projects like the Burj Dubai
What are the problems with the massive growth in Dubai?
The coastal reclamation has had detrimental impacts on the marine ecosystem
Desert ecosystem is fragile and the growing number of tourists is damaging it.
Example of industrial development in Dubai?
The port
Business Centres
Construction of landmarks like Burj Dubai
Examples of transportation activity in Dubai?
Increasing car and boat use that is damaging the environment.
Examples of resource extraction in Dubai?
The oil and gas industry
Desalination plants for water - 1250 million litres of water p/day
Example of residential development in Dubai?
The Palm Juremiah - the residential “palm tree” in the ocean that offers 1000 appartments, 1860 homes and numerous retail outlets.
Examples of energy development in Dubai?
11.9 global hectares footprint in UAE vs 9.6 in USA
1991 = 410,000 barrels p/day now its starting to decrease
Examples of recreation and leisure activity in Dubai?
Palm Islands
Theme parks such as Dubai Land
The world islands
Luxury hotels
Why was development centred in Dubai?
Lots of cheap flat land which is now becoming more expensive due to the lack of it
Close to the port so good accessibility
Presence of raw materials like oil
The attraction of coral reefs and attractive seas
Social problems with the growth in Dubai?
Lack of affordable housing for migrant workers as well as them feeling excluded from Dubai life
Public transport is congested - people spend 1 hour 45 mins roughly commuting to work
Rising sea levels is resulting in developments are sinking into the sea by 5mm p/y (The Palm)
