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MICROBIOLOGY - Colloquium 1 > Cocci - DONE > Flashcards

Cocci - DONE Flashcards

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1
Q

COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI

A
  • S.epidermidis
  • S. saprophyticus
  • S. haemolyticus
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2
Q

COLONIZATION of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (epidemiology):

A
  • Nosopharynx
  • Skin
  • Clothing
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3
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A

traumatic introduction

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4
Q

PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A
  • Chronic infections
  • Indwelling devices
  • Skin injuries
  • Immune response defects
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5
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS of STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS:

A
  • CELL WALL
    • PROTEIN A
    • CLUMPING FACTOR
  • ENZYMES
  • TOXINS
  • ADHESINS
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6
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DISEASES:

A
  • SKIN
  • SEPTICEMIA (iv related)
  • ENDOCARDITIS
  • PNEUMONIA
  • OSTEOMYELITIS
  • FOOD POISONING
  • UTI
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7
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS SKIN DISEASES:

A
  • PYOGENIC

- WITH RASH

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8
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PYOGENIC SKIN DISEASES:

A
  • FOLLICULITIS
  • FURUNCLES (boil)
  • CARBUNCLES
  • IMPETIGO
  • MASTITIS
  • WOUND INFECTIONS
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9
Q

Habitat of coagulase-negative staphylococci:

A

skin and mucous membranes

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10
Q

Cell wall of S. epidermidis:

A

glycerol-teichoic acids

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11
Q

Virulence factor of S. epidermidis:

A

“slime”

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12
Q

Mode of transmission of S. epidermidis:

A

implantation of medical devices such as catheters, shunts, and prosthetic devices

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13
Q

Habitat of S. saprophyticus:

A

skin and mucosal membranes of the genitourinary tract

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14
Q

What is S. saprophyticus a common cause of in young, sexually active females.

A

urinary tract infections

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15
Q

What is S. saprophyticus a common cause of in young, sexually active females.

A

urinary tract infections

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16
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUS:

A
  • IMMUNOSUPPRESSED HOSTS
  • WOUND INFECTIONS
  • BACTEREMIA
  • ENDOCARDITIS
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17
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCI LABORATORY TEST CULTURE:

A
  • CHAPMAN’S MEDIUM (mannitol salt)

- BLOOD AGAR

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18
Q

CATALASE TEST:

A
  • Bubbling = POS (STAPHYLOCOCCI, O2 generated)

- No bubbling = NEG (STREPTOCOCCI and ENTEROCOCCI, no O2 generated)

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19
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS STREPTOCOCCI:

A

SOMATIC

  • capsule HYALURONIC
  • M protein
  • OF factor
  • LTA
  • peptidase
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20
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES DISEASES:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • PHARYNGITIS
  • SCARLET FEVER
  • RHEUMATIC FEVER
  • ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
  • PYOGENIC SKIN INFECTIONS
    • Impetigo, erisipelas, cellulitis
  • NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
  • STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
21
Q

EXTRACELLULAR STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

Study These Flashcards
A
  • PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS
  • HEMOLYSINS: SLO, SLS
  • ENZYMES: DNA-ase, Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase, Proteinase, Amylase, Esterase
22
Q

CLINICAL PICTURE OF ‘’STREP” THROAT:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • I P: 2 - 4 days
  • Malaise
  • Sore throat
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Kids also:
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Abdominal pain
23
Q

SCARLET FEVER (Streptococcus):

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rash (pyrogenic toxins )

- strawberry tongue

24
Q

STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS COMPLICATIONS SUPPURATIVE:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Peritonsillar cellulitis or abscess
  • Otitis media
  • Acute sinusitis
  • Meningitis
25
ARF =
acute rheumatic fever
26
STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS COMPLICATIONS NONSUPPURATIVE:
- ARF (acute rheumatic fever) | - AGN (Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis)
27
AGN =
acute Glomerulo-Nephritis
28
ARF (acute rheumatic fever):
- Carditis - Polyarthritis - Chorea - Subcutaneous nodules - Erythema
29
AGN (Acute Glomerulo-Nephritis):
- Edema - Hypertension - Proteinuria * After 10 days of pharyngitis * 3 weeks of pyoderma * LAB: HRA circulating Antibodies
30
STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:
- Asymptomatic colonization - Transmission to neonates * Vertical * Infant to infant
31
STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE PATHOGENESIS:
VIRULENCE FACTORS: - THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN - CAPSULE - HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
32
STEREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE CAN CAUSE:
- MAJOR RESPIRATORY TRACT PATHOGEN - Pneumonias - Meningitis - Otitis media (Children)
33
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:
- Closed communities - Men > women - Above 40 y. 3-4 times often - Winter/ early spring - Nasopharyngeal carriage - 5% adults - 15% children
34
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE PATHOGENESIS:
- CAPSULE (polysaccharide) - PNEUMOLYSIN O - NEURAMINIDASE - Ig A PROTEASE
35
STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP D AND ENTEROCOCCUS:
- GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI - CATALASE (-) - Members of the gut flora - Emerge of VRE = Vancomycin resistant Enterococci - Diseases: * Bacteremia * Urinary tract infections * Wound infections * Endocarditis
36
ENTEROCOCCI:
- E.faecalis - E. faecium - E. durans
37
GROUP D STREPTOCOCCI:
- S. bovis | - S. equinus
38
ENTEROCOCCI PATHOGENESIS:
- Hemolysins - Proteases - Aggregation substances - Lipoteichoic acid - Hyaluronidase
39
GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI - MICROAEROPHILIC:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae | - Neisseria meningitidis
40
GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI - AEROBIC:
Moraxella catarrhalis
41
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE EPIDEMIOLOGY:
- STD – GONORRHEA - HUMANS ONLY - ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIAGE
42
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE VIRULENCE FACTORS
- Fimbrae (common pili)- enhance the ability of bacterial cells to adhere to host cells and to each other - Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) - IgA protease - β-lactamase OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEINS: - Por proteins (Protein I): demonstrated in patients with disseminated disease; also found in rectal cultures of male homosexuals; resistant to serum bactericidal effects - Opa proteins (Protein II): sensitive to bactericidal effects; associated with adherence to mucosal cells - Rmp proteins (Protein III): major binding site for immunoglobin-G – blocking antibody
43
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE :DISEASES
- URETHRITIS - CERVICITIS - SALPINGITIS - P I D - PROCTITIS - BACTERIEMIA - ARTHRITIS - CONJUCTIVITIS - PHARYNGITIS
44
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS EPIDEMIOLOGY:
- HUMANS ONLY - Colonization of nosopharynx (asymptomatic carriage) - Respiratory droplets - Worldwide (Epidemics in developing countries) - Dry & cold season
45
RISK GROUPS of NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS:
- children < 5 years, soldiers, | - patients with complement deficiencies
46
ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES of NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS:
- Capsular polysaccharide: nine serotypes * A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, W135, 29E. - Contribute to invasive properties by inhibiting phagocytosis
47
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS DISEASES:
- MENINGITIS, MENINGOENCEPHALITIS * Serogroups B, C - PNEUMONIA * Serogroups Y, W135 - BACTERIEMIA - ARTHRITIS - URETHRITIS * In developing countries infections by serogroup A
48
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
- Bacteremia (meningococcemia) | * Appearance of skin petechiae
49
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MICROBIOLOGY - Colloquium 1 (9 decks)

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