COCO

Question 1

Which of the following drugs suppresses hyperthyroidism?

Answer 1

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Question 2

Which of the following contraceptives increases the risk of thrombus formation?

Answer 2

The transdermal patch containing ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (Ortho Evra)

Question 3

An antagonist for estrogen receptor in the breast tissue.

Answer 3

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Question 4

Which of the following drugs prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

Answer 4

Raloxifene (Evista)

Question 5

The most serious side effect of insulin replacement therapy is _____

Answer 5

Hypoglycemia

Question 6

Which of the following drugs should NOT be given to a type 2 diabetes patient who also has an intestinal disease which can be exacerbated by increased formation of gas?

Answer 6

Acarbose (Precose)

Question 7

It takes 3-6 weeks for a thiazolidinedione agent to reach its maximal effect because

Answer 7

It needs to activate PPAR-gamma to induce gene expression in target tissues.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs functions primarily by increasing insulin secretion?

Answer 8

Drug Class Meglitinides

Bind to pancreatic beta cells to stimulate the secretion of (pro)insulin

Question 9

Which of the following drug classes is most effective in relief of severe pain?

Answer 9

Strong opioid agonist

Question 10

Which of the following drugs classes can reverse the coma and respiratory depression caused by morphine overdose?

Answer 10

Opioid antagonist

Question 11

Morphine can be used to treat all of the following conditions except

Answer 11

Psychosis

Question 12

Which of the following drug classes can be used as the “maintenance” drug in treatment programs for heroin addicts or alcoholics?

Answer 12

Long acting opioid antagonist

Question 13

An animal model of human drug addiction that can be broken into 4 stages is

Answer 13

Drug self administration

Question 14

Speaking in general terms for many different drugs, the basic part of the brain and neural circuitry that underlies drug action and effects is the

Answer 14

Synapse and neurotransmission

Question 15

Drug addiction is very long lasting and relapsing. An important basic finding supporting this clinical observation is that

Answer 15

PET scans show that D2 dopamine receptors are reduced by drug use, and that the levels recover slowly (months to years)

Question 16

If we analyze the brains of addicts and normals, we find significant differences in the levels of various proteins. The brain on drugs really is a different brain. The cellular mechanism facilitating this change is

Answer 16

Signal transduction is altered

Question 17

Which of the following statements about epilepsy therapies is correct?

Answer 17

None of the above

Question 18

A 45- year old woman with recent onset partial seizures is started on an anticonvulsant. She initially does quite well, but then experiences two seizures about three weeks after the start of treatment. She swears that she has been taking the same number of pills each day, but her plasma concentration of the drug has decreased. Which anticonvulsant is she taking?

Answer 18

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Question 19

Which of the following drugs exerts an anti-Parkinson effect by directly activating D2 dopamine receptors?

Answer 19

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

Question 20

The major reason Carbidopa is of value in treating Parkinsonism is that the compound

Answer 20

Inhibits aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

Question 21

Toxic effects of local anesthetics include

Answer 21

All of the above

Question 22

Nerve fibers that are most sensitive to local anesthetics are

Answer 22

Small diameter fibers with rapid firing rates.

Question 23

Epinephrine should not be combined with local anesthetics when injecting near which anatomic sites?

Answer 23

Any of the above

Question 24

Local anesthetics

Answer 24

None of the above

Question 25

Flumazenil (Romazicon) blocks the pharmacological actions of

Answer 25

Both A and B

Question 26

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder that is NOT associated with anxiety would be treated best with

Answer 26

A short-acting benzodiazepine, such as triazolam (Halcion)

Question 27

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 27

has all of the actions listed above

Question 28

Ethanol (mechanism)

Answer 28

Increases GABA-mediated chloride conductance at the GABA-A receptor

Question 29

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Answer 29

Must be administered for two or more weeks before the onset of their antidepressant effect is observed

Question 30

Tricyclic antidepressants may cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias because they

Answer 30

Do both A and B

Question 31

Aripiprazole (Abilify), a drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia

Answer 31

Is a partial agonist of dopamine D2 receptors

Question 32

Lithium carbonate

Answer 32

Has all of the above characteristics

Question 33

Used to treat acute adrenal insufficiency

Answer 33

Fludrocortisone (florinef)

Question 34

The drug of choice for long term management of hypothyroidism

Answer 34

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, L-T4)

Question 35

Antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor

Answer 35

Mifepristone (RU486)

Question 36

Used for the diagnosis for cushing’s syndrome

Answer 36

Dexamethasone (decadron)

Question 37

A low ceiling diuretic that inhibits the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal tubule

Answer 37

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

Question 38

A weak diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule to inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption

Answer 38

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 39

An osmotic diuretic that works in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle, has fast onset of action, and is usually used in acute situations such as cerebral edema.

Answer 39

Mannitol

Question 40

A potassium sparing adjuvant diuretic that is an antagonist of collecting duct aldosterone receptors

Answer 40

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 41

Protects the gastrointestinal mucosa from attack by pepsin and acid.

Answer 41

Sucralfate or Colloidal bismuth compounds (pepto-bismol)

Question 42

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by direct inhibition of a proton-potassium ATPase

Answer 42

Omeprazole (prilosec)

Question 43

An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is frequently used in triple-treatment regimens to eliminate H. pylori infections associated with peptic ulcers.

Answer 43

Clarithromycin or Amoxicillin

Question 44

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by antagonism of the H2-histamine receptor subtype.

Answer 44

Cimetidine (tagamet)

Question 45

Induces ovulation

Answer 45

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid)

Question 46

Inhibits synthesis of adrenal cortical steroids

Answer 46

Aminoglutethimide

Question 47

The drug of choice for long term management of hypothyroidism

Answer 47

Levothyroxine

Question 48

An antagonist for mineralocorticoid receptor

Answer 48

Spironolactone

Question 49

Has maximal anti-inflammatory activity among the glucocorticoids

Answer 49

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Question 50

A strong, or high ceiling, diuretic used to treat chronic and/or severe volume-expanding conditions: for example, edema associated with organ failure.

Answer 50

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 51

True or False; Moderate opioid agonist have lower abuse potential than strong opioid agonist

Answer 51

True

Question 52

True or False; the opioid antagonist naloxone (Narcan) can be used in combination with aspirin for treatment of moderate pain

Answer 52

False

Question 53

True or False; Drug self administration animal models are useful to study for the stages of human drug addiction

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Drugs of abuse interfere with neurotransmission at the synapse

Answer 54

True

Question 55

PET scans show that brain D2 dopamine receptors are increased in drug addicts

Answer 55

False

Question 56

Drug self-administration by animals is

Answer 56

A useful and valid model for drug use by humans

Question 57

Almost all addicting drugs work by

Answer 57

Disrupting neurotransmission

Question 58

Brain imaging studies of dopamine receptors or dopamine metabolism have revealed that the brain does not recover normal function for a long time (months to years) after abstaining from drug use. What does this imply?

Answer 58

That the recovery process will take a long time, probably longer than the 28 day treatment programs

Question 59

Which of the following drugs exerts an anti-parkinson effect by directly activating D2 dopamine receptors?

Answer 59

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

Question 60

Addictive drugs target endogenous systems in the brain that exist for enhancing survival

Answer 60

True

Question 61

An important animal model for studying drug abuse/addiction in humans is

Answer 61

Drug self administration

Question 62

An important neurotransmitter for reward and good feelings in drug abuse, particularly for cocaine, is

Answer 62

Dopamine

Question 63

It has often been said that drug abuse/addiction is chronic and relapsing. What is a physiological brain measure that agrees with this idea?

Answer 63

Levels of D2 dopamine receptors examined by PET scanning

Question 64

How long can it take for the brain to heal after a long-term and repetitive use of drugs?

Answer 64

Months to years

Question 65

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder that is associated with anxiety would be treated best with

Answer 65

A long-acting benzodiazepine, such as diazepam (Valium)

Question 66

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Answer 66

Is used for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome

Question 67

Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of thyroid storm?

Answer 67

Propranolol (Inderal)

Question 68

Moderate opioid agonist can reverse the respiratory depression caused by heroin overdose

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Direct application of morphine to the spinal cord produces a regional analgesic effect with minimal side effects

Answer 69

True

Question 70

Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute adrenocortical insufficiency?

Answer 70

Hydrocortisone

Question 71

The opioid antagonist Naltrexone (Revia) can be used as a “Maintenance” Drug in treatment programs for opioid addicts or alcoholics

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Lithium carbonate is effective in the prophylactic treatment of bipolar affective disorder, decreasing both the manic and depressive phases

Answer 72

True