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Pharmacology Test 2 > COCO > Flashcards

COCO Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following drugs suppresses hyperthyroidism?

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

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2
Q

Which of the following contraceptives increases the risk of thrombus formation?

A

The transdermal patch containing ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (Ortho Evra)

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3
Q

An antagonist for estrogen receptor in the breast tissue.

A

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

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4
Q

Which of the following drugs prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?

A

Raloxifene (Evista)

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5
Q

The most serious side effect of insulin replacement therapy is _____

A

Hypoglycemia

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6
Q

Which of the following drugs should NOT be given to a type 2 diabetes patient who also has an intestinal disease which can be exacerbated by increased formation of gas?

A

Acarbose (Precose)

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7
Q

It takes 3-6 weeks for a thiazolidinedione agent to reach its maximal effect because

A

It needs to activate PPAR-gamma to induce gene expression in target tissues.

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8
Q

Which of the following drugs functions primarily by increasing insulin secretion?

A

Drug Class Meglitinides

Bind to pancreatic beta cells to stimulate the secretion of (pro)insulin

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9
Q

Which of the following drug classes is most effective in relief of severe pain?

A

Strong opioid agonist

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10
Q

Which of the following drugs classes can reverse the coma and respiratory depression caused by morphine overdose?

A

Opioid antagonist

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11
Q

Morphine can be used to treat all of the following conditions except

A

Psychosis

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12
Q

Which of the following drug classes can be used as the “maintenance” drug in treatment programs for heroin addicts or alcoholics?

A

Long acting opioid antagonist

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13
Q

An animal model of human drug addiction that can be broken into 4 stages is

A

Drug self administration

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14
Q

Speaking in general terms for many different drugs, the basic part of the brain and neural circuitry that underlies drug action and effects is the

A

Synapse and neurotransmission

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15
Q

Drug addiction is very long lasting and relapsing. An important basic finding supporting this clinical observation is that

A

PET scans show that D2 dopamine receptors are reduced by drug use, and that the levels recover slowly (months to years)

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16
Q

If we analyze the brains of addicts and normals, we find significant differences in the levels of various proteins. The brain on drugs really is a different brain. The cellular mechanism facilitating this change is

A

Signal transduction is altered

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17
Q

Which of the following statements about epilepsy therapies is correct?

A

None of the above

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18
Q

A 45- year old woman with recent onset partial seizures is started on an anticonvulsant. She initially does quite well, but then experiences two seizures about three weeks after the start of treatment. She swears that she has been taking the same number of pills each day, but her plasma concentration of the drug has decreased. Which anticonvulsant is she taking?

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

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19
Q

Which of the following drugs exerts an anti-Parkinson effect by directly activating D2 dopamine receptors?

A

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

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20
Q

The major reason Carbidopa is of value in treating Parkinsonism is that the compound

A

Inhibits aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase

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21
Q

Toxic effects of local anesthetics include

A

All of the above

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22
Q

Nerve fibers that are most sensitive to local anesthetics are

A

Small diameter fibers with rapid firing rates.

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23
Q

Epinephrine should not be combined with local anesthetics when injecting near which anatomic sites?

A

Any of the above

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24
Q

Local anesthetics

A

None of the above

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25
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) blocks the pharmacological actions of

A

Both A and B

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26
Q

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder that is NOT associated with anxiety would be treated best with

A

A short-acting benzodiazepine, such as triazolam (Halcion)

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27
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

has all of the actions listed above

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28
Q

Ethanol (mechanism)

A

Increases GABA-mediated chloride conductance at the GABA-A receptor

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29
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Must be administered for two or more weeks before the onset of their antidepressant effect is observed

30
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants may cause tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias because they

A

Do both A and B

31
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify), a drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia

A

Is a partial agonist of dopamine D2 receptors

32
Q

Lithium carbonate

A

Has all of the above characteristics

33
Q

Used to treat acute adrenal insufficiency

A

Fludrocortisone (florinef)

34
Q

The drug of choice for long term management of hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, L-T4)

35
Q

Antagonizes glucocorticoid receptor

A

Mifepristone (RU486)

36
Q

Used for the diagnosis for cushing’s syndrome

A

Dexamethasone (decadron)

37
Q

A low ceiling diuretic that inhibits the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal tubule

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril)

38
Q

A weak diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule to inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

39
Q

An osmotic diuretic that works in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle, has fast onset of action, and is usually used in acute situations such as cerebral edema.

A

Mannitol

40
Q

A potassium sparing adjuvant diuretic that is an antagonist of collecting duct aldosterone receptors

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

41
Q

Protects the gastrointestinal mucosa from attack by pepsin and acid.

A

Sucralfate or Colloidal bismuth compounds (pepto-bismol)

42
Q

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by direct inhibition of a proton-potassium ATPase

A

Omeprazole (prilosec)

43
Q

An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is frequently used in triple-treatment regimens to eliminate H. pylori infections associated with peptic ulcers.

A

Clarithromycin or Amoxicillin

44
Q

Prevents parietal cell acid secretion by antagonism of the H2-histamine receptor subtype.

A

Cimetidine (tagamet)

45
Q

Induces ovulation

A

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid)

46
Q

Inhibits synthesis of adrenal cortical steroids

A

Aminoglutethimide

47
Q

The drug of choice for long term management of hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine

48
Q

An antagonist for mineralocorticoid receptor

A

Spironolactone

49
Q

Has maximal anti-inflammatory activity among the glucocorticoids

A

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

50
Q

A strong, or high ceiling, diuretic used to treat chronic and/or severe volume-expanding conditions: for example, edema associated with organ failure.

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

51
Q

True or False; Moderate opioid agonist have lower abuse potential than strong opioid agonist

A

True

52
Q

True or False; the opioid antagonist naloxone (Narcan) can be used in combination with aspirin for treatment of moderate pain

A

False

53
Q

True or False; Drug self administration animal models are useful to study for the stages of human drug addiction

A

True

54
Q

Drugs of abuse interfere with neurotransmission at the synapse

A

True

55
Q

PET scans show that brain D2 dopamine receptors are increased in drug addicts

A

False

56
Q

Drug self-administration by animals is

A

A useful and valid model for drug use by humans

57
Q

Almost all addicting drugs work by

A

Disrupting neurotransmission

58
Q

Brain imaging studies of dopamine receptors or dopamine metabolism have revealed that the brain does not recover normal function for a long time (months to years) after abstaining from drug use. What does this imply?

A

That the recovery process will take a long time, probably longer than the 28 day treatment programs

59
Q

Which of the following drugs exerts an anti-parkinson effect by directly activating D2 dopamine receptors?

A

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

60
Q

Addictive drugs target endogenous systems in the brain that exist for enhancing survival

A

True

61
Q

An important animal model for studying drug abuse/addiction in humans is

A

Drug self administration

62
Q

An important neurotransmitter for reward and good feelings in drug abuse, particularly for cocaine, is

A

Dopamine

63
Q

It has often been said that drug abuse/addiction is chronic and relapsing. What is a physiological brain measure that agrees with this idea?

A

Levels of D2 dopamine receptors examined by PET scanning

64
Q

How long can it take for the brain to heal after a long-term and repetitive use of drugs?

A

Months to years

65
Q

A patient with a temporary sleep disorder that is associated with anxiety would be treated best with

A

A long-acting benzodiazepine, such as diazepam (Valium)

66
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Is used for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome

67
Q

Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of thyroid storm?

A

Propranolol (Inderal)

68
Q

Moderate opioid agonist can reverse the respiratory depression caused by heroin overdose

A

False

69
Q

Direct application of morphine to the spinal cord produces a regional analgesic effect with minimal side effects

A

True

70
Q

Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

Hydrocortisone

71
Q

The opioid antagonist Naltrexone (Revia) can be used as a “Maintenance” Drug in treatment programs for opioid addicts or alcoholics

A

True

72
Q

Lithium carbonate is effective in the prophylactic treatment of bipolar affective disorder, decreasing both the manic and depressive phases

A

True

Pharmacology Test 2 (8 decks)

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