Codes Exam 1 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
What is the importance of codes?
A
To make the built environment as safe as possible.
2
Q
Administers and enforces codes
A
Authrotity having jurisdiction - AHJ
3
Q
Programming stage (beginning)
A
Best time to research codes
4
Q
International Code Council (ICC)
A
Publishes the IBCs, most widely adopted
5
Q
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
A
Publishes the C3 codes.
6
Q
Accessibility Standards
A
Refernce the ICC & ANSI, ADA, ADAAG, ABA on federal projects
7
Q
Sustainable design
A
This design includes environmental responsibility, economic strength, and social resposibility
8
Q
Internat’l Green Construction Code
A
IGCC
9
Q
Energy Efficency
A
Codes are increasingly addressing what?
10
Q
3500 BC - City of Ur
A
When and where were there the first evidence of codes?
11
Q
Building Officals and Code Admins. Internat’l
A
BOCA: Midwest and Northeast - uses National Building Code
12
Q
Internat’l Conference of Building Officals
A
IOBO: West - use Uniform Building Code
13
Q
Southern Building Code Congress Internat’l
A
SBCCI: South - use Standard Building Code
14
Q
Three years
A
The amount of time in between revisions of the NFPA and ICC
15
Q
Standards
A
Prescribe a level of acceptability or an approved model to be used in building construction. They are referenced by the codes and have legal standing only when a code is adopted.
16
Q
National Fire Protection Association
A
A standards organization - NFPA
17
Q
American National Standards Institute
A
A standards organization - ANSI
18
Q
American Society for Testing and Materials
A
A standards organization - ASTM
19
Q
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
A
A standards organization - ASHRAE
20
Q
Undewriters Laboratory
A
A standards organization - UL
21
Q
Regulations
A
Law or rules prescripted by an authority to regulate conduct
22
Q
American with Disabilites Act
A
Regulation - ADA
23
Q
Architectural Barriers Act
A
Regulation - ABA
24
Q
Fair Housing Act
A
Regulation - FHA
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Occupational Safety and Health Act
Regulation - OSHA
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Energy Policy Act
Regulation - EPAct
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More restrictive requirements must be met
What do you do when there are conflictions in code requirements?
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Factors of occupancy occupation
Type of activity occuring, expected number of occupants, whether there are any hazards or risk factors.
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Risk factors of occupancy classification
Spatial characteristics, fuel loads, concentration of occupants, characteristics of occupants, familiratiy with space
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IBC Occupancy Classifications
Assembly, residential, storage, business, mercantile, education, factory/industrial, hazardous, institutional, Misc. or Utility
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Assembly
An IBC occupancy classification where people gather for pollitical, social, or religioius functions, recreate, entertainment, eating, drinking, or awaiting transportation. Five levels.
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A-1
A subcatagory of Assembly classification where people gather for the viewing of performing arts or movies.
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A-2
A subcatagory of Assembly classification where people gather for consumption of food and drink.
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A-3
A subcatagory of Assembly classification where people gather for worship, recreation, or amusement
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A-4
A subcatagory of Assembly classification where people gather for indoor sporting events.
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A-5
A subcatagory of Assembly classification where people gather for outdoor activities.
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Business
Areas that are used to transact business; rendering of professional services under the IBC classification. Small storage and break room are included and is one of the lowest risk occupancies.
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Education
Buildings that are used for this through grade 12 with 6-49 occupants in a space according to the IBC. It is common to be mixed occupancy due to auditorium, cafeteria and gym.
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Assembly and business
What classification are colleges/universities?
40
Factory or Industrial
Building use is for making a certain type of product according to the IBC. Includes assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, processing, repairing
41
Hazardous
A space used to generate harmful materials and requires additional precautions. Not common for INTDs to design, may design main office or show room. Categorized by degree: explosive, fire, physical or health hazards.
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Institutional
Building or part of building includes medical treatment or other types of care or contains occupants detained under physical or security measures. Occupants are limited in mobility and may need assistance to evacuate a building. Four levels.
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I-1
A subcatagory of the Institutional classification where there is housing and care up to 16 occupants, 24 hours. The occupants need to be supervised, but often can respond to an emergency.
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I-2
A subcatagory of the Institutional classification where there is medical, surgical, nursing, or psychiatric care. The occupancy has less than five persons, 24 hours and are not capable of self-preservation.
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I-3
A subcatagory of the Institutional classification where it contains the detention of less than five persons. These occupants are incapable of self-preservation due to security.
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I-4
A subcatagory of the Institutional classification where there is care of less than five persons for less than 24 hours. Includes daycares of older adults and children.
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Mercantile
This category of the IBC classification is open to the public. They display, sell, and rent merchandise. If considered a mall, check "special occupancies".
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Residential
This category of the IBC classification is considered a dwelling and provides sleeping accomidations. Has four sub classifications.
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R-1
A subcatagory of the Residential classification that is for occupants who are there for a short period of time (transient). Examples: hotels and dorms
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R-2
A subcatagory of the Residential classification that is for buildings with less than two dwelling units with occupants who are somewhat permanent. Example: apartment buildings
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R-3
A subcatagory of the Residential classification that is for permeant residences with single of duplex units. Example: lodging or rooming houses
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R-4
A subcatagory of the Residential classification that is for small to medium-sized residential care facilites. Example: board and care
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Utility or Miscellaneous
This category of the IBC classification is not typical and is for a building that cannot be properly classified. Make sure to check with the code offical.
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Storage
This category of the IBC classification is for the part of the building that shelters products, merchandise, vehicles, or animals. Few people occupy this space and minor use is considerend part of predominant occupancy.
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Incidental use
An area within an occupancy that is hazardous and requires additional fire and smoke protection. Example: boiler room, furnance room, or some storage areas.
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Accessory occupancies
When one or two occupancies is much smaller than the dominant space. (<10%)
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Mixed occupanices
An occurance whree two or more occupancies gather. Generally, you need to separate the different occupancies by a fire rate wall or design all of them as one (most restrictive code applies).
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Separate mixed occupancies
Different occupancies seperated by required rated assemblies.
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Non-seperated mixed occupancies
This has no rated seperation and must meet requirements of most stringent occupancy.
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Dead load
This includes all components of a building's structure, such as the walls, floors, and roof.
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Live loads
This includes any loads tha are not the actual weight of the structure itself. They include elements such as people, furniture, equipment, appliances, and books. Also includes rain and flood loads, wind loads, snow loads, and earthquake loads.
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Factors to determine occupant load
Means of egress, minimum number of people you are planning for.
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Means of egress
Number of exits and widths.
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Why occupant load is important
Determines the number of people allowed ina specific occupany at one given time, how many people can safely use a space, and provides a proper exiting that allows people to evacuate safely and quickly.
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Calculating occpant load with mixed occupancies
Each load should be calculated seperatley and then added together. If you toatl results in a fraction, round up to the nearest whole number. The final occupant load gives the number of occupants for which you must design the space.
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Net area
The actual occupied spaces and does not include corridors, restrooms, and uility rooms.
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Gross area
The building as a whole and includes all miscellaneous spaces within the exterior walls.
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Determing occupant loads with fixed seating
1. Seats with arms - count 2. Seats without arms - 18" 3. Booths: 24"
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Building element
Any building component that makes up a builiding
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Structural element
Load bearing (columns, flooring, ceiling systems)
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I and II construction types
Strictest constructions types. Constructed with steel and concrete and are considered noncombustible elements. The main difference between the two is the required hourly ratings of the structural elements. High rise buildings and many large builds fall in this category. Concrete and steel.
72
Importance of an automatic sprinkler system
To extinguish, can increase floor area if included.
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Fire rated walls
Extends form foundation through roof, must be able to stand if part of building falls, considered a structural element.
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Protected (A)
This label indicates that the stuctural elements of a building have been treated to increase their fire resistance.
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Unprotected (B)
This label refers to materials in their natural state that have not been specially trated.
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Combustible
This term refers to materials such as building materials or finishes that are capable of being ignited or affected by excessive heat or gas in a relatively short amount of time.
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Noncombustible
This term refers to materials such as bulding materials and finishes that will not ignite, burn, suppose combustion, or release flammable vapors when subject to fire or heat.
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Mixed construction type
One building can be divided into more than one construction type, such as office/factory, but unusual. Must be seperated by fire wall or party wall (seperation wall).
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Factors that determine building height and size
Construction type, occupancy classification, location, fire sprinkler system, fire walls
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
A comprehensive civil rights law that protects individuals with disabilities in the areas of employment, state and local government services, public transportation, public accomidations and commercial facilites, and telecommunication services.
81
Americans with Disabilities Act: Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
Deal with architectural concerns, such as viable alarm systems and signage.
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Facilites covered by ADA
Employment, state and local government services, public transportation, public accomodations and commercial facilites, telecommunication services.
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36"
The minimum entry door width.
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32"
Interior doors clearance
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42"
Minimum hallway width
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1:12 - rise of one inch for every 12 inches
Ramp ratio.
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Universal design
The design that considers the needs of all users (more inclusive). Is important because it is design that is used by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or specialized design.
88
Seven principals of universal design
Equitable use, flexibilty in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use.
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Equitable use
A principle of universal design where the space is useful and marketable to people with diverse disabilites. Includes multiple height counters, non-slip cutting surfaces, wider interior doorways.
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Flexibility in use
A principle of universal design where the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferneces and abilites. Includes pull-out pantries and drawers, railings down both sides of a ramp, curb-less shower, moveable handheld shower head.
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Simple and intuitive use
A principle of universal design where the use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user?s experience, knowledge, language skills or current concentration level. Example: step-less enterance, offset water controls in the shower and tub.
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Perceptible information
A principle of universal design that communicatesnecessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user?s sensory abilities. Example: large dial on the thermostat and telephone.
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Tolerance for error
A principle of universal design that minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. Example: crank or power operated counter systems, texturized level handles
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Low physical effort
A principle of universal design that can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue. Examples: lever door handles, light switch height (44-48"), electrical outlet height (18"), removable cabinet fronts, and front loading washers and dryers.
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Size and space for approach
A principle of universal design where appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation and use regardless of the user?s body size, posture or mobility. Example: entry door (min 36" width), interior door clearance (32"), hallway width (42" min.)
