coding, capacity and duration Flashcards

Question

how did jacob measure digit span

Answer 1

the researcher would read out 4 digits and the participant is expected to recall them out loud in the correct order and then it continues until not all of the numbers or words have been recalled correctly and this tells us a persons individual digit span

Answer 2

that the mean digit span across all participants was 9.3 and for letters it was 7.3

Answer 3

he made observations of everyday practice and studied the span of memory and chunking

Answer 4

he would notice that most things come in 7, for eg 7 deadly sins, 7 days of the week ect and so he though the span of STM is about 7 items (plus or minus 2)

Answer 5

he noticed that people could recall 5 words as easily as 5 letters

Answer 6

Chunking- which is when you group sets of digits or letters into units or chunks

Answer 7

Peterson x2 and Bahrick

Answer 8

How short the duration of STM is

Answer 9

On each trial students were given a consonant syllable to remember. Then a 3 digit number that they were told to count backwards from for a certain amount of times, each trial was different seconds. Then they were asked to recall the consonant syllable from the beginning

Answer 10

To prevent any mental rehearsal

Answer 11

The different amount of seconds that they had to count backwards

Answer 12

After 3 seconds, average recall was about 80%, after 18 seconds it was about 3%. They suggested that STM duration may be about 18 seconds, unless there is verbal rehearsal

Answer 13

The duration of LTM

Answer 14

He studied 392 American participants aged between 17 and 74 and the high-school yearbooks were obtained from the participants. Recall was tested by either photo recognition test of 50 photos or by free recall tests where participants recalled names od their graduating

Answer 15

Participants tested within 15 years were about 90% accurate in photo recognition and after 48 years it declined to 70%. Free recall was less accurate, 60% after 15 years and then dropping to 30% after 48 years

Answer 16

Shows that LTM may last up to a lifetime for some materials

Answer 17

It identified a clear different between the 2 memory stores and the idea that STM uses acoustic coding and LTM uses semantic has stood out the test if time

Answer 18

It used artificial stimuli rather than meaningful material which means his study may nkt tell us about coding in different kind of memory tasks especially in everyday life and this suggests that the findings from this study has limited application

Answer 19

It has been replicated and confirmed and so this suggests that Jacobs study is a valid test of digit span in STM

Answer 20

He may have overestimated STM capacity as Cowan reviewed other research and concluded that the capacity of STM is only about 3-5 chunks and thus suggests that lower end of Millers estimate is more appropriate than 7 items

Answer 21

Is that the stimulus was artificial and recalling consonant syllable doesn't reflect most everyday memory activities where what we try to remember is meaningful. This means that the study lacked external validity

Answer 22

It has high external validity and this is because the researchers investigated meaningful memories. When studies on LTM were conducted with meaningless pictured to be remembered, recall rates were lower. Suggests his findings reflect a more real estimate of the duration of LTM