Codon Unit 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of science?
Science focuses exclusively on the natural world.
Which of the following statements best describes the process of science?
The process of science is iterative and unpredictable.
What is the role of interactions within the scientific community in the process of science?
To enhance the accuracy and usefulness of scientific descriptions.
Which of the following hypotheses is testable by using the scientific method?
Bees can see ultraviolet light that humans cannot
What distinguishes theories from hypotheses in science?
Theories are concise and broadly applicable, while hypotheses are narrow explanations.
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
S phase
What would be a potential consequence of a mutation at the p53 gene?
mutant p53 proteins would not function as tumor suppressors
During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?
Mitotic phase
What is the role of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?
Verify that all chromosomes have been replicated and are undamaged.
Which types of genes, when mutated, become oncogenes and cause a cell to become cancerous?
Proto-oncogenes
Which of the following best describes the genome organization in prokaryotes?
Single circular DNA molecule stored in the nucleoid.
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
In animal cells, which structure forms during cytokinesis to initiate the physical separation of the cytoplasm?
Cleavage furrow
What would be the result of cells undergoing mitosis but did not replicate their chromosomes first?
Daughter cells with half the original number of chromosomes
What is the primary feature that distinguishes somatic cells from germline cells in terms of their genome?
Somatic cells have multiple copies of each gene
What is the primary role of hydrogen bonds in DNA?
Stabilizing the double-stranded structure.
Which components make up a nucleotide?
Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group
An analysis of a DNA molecule revealed it is composed of 31% thymine nucleotides. What is the percentage of A, G, and C? Analy 31% T
31% A, 19% G, and 19% C
Given the following strand of DNA, what would be the complementary strand? Strand: 5’ AGTTCCGGACAATCTG 3’
3’ TCAAGGCCTGTTAGAC 5’
The work of this person was crucial, using x-ray crystallography that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
In families where both parents are heterozygous for a recessive trait, what is the probability of their having a child with the homozygous dominant genotype?
0.25
An allele is considered dominant if:
Only one copy is needed to see the associated phenotype
Imagine a set of genes controlling hair color and finger webbing in merpeople. For the hair color gene, the dominant allele (G) produces green hair and the recessive allele (g) produces blue hair. For the finger webbing gene, webbed fingers (F) is dominant and unwebbed fingers is recessive (f). A mermaid who is heterozygous for hair color and who had unwebbed fingers had a father with blue hair and webbed fingers and a mother with green hair and webbed fingers. What was the genotype of the mermaid’s mother (as completely as possible)?
The mother must be heterozygous at the finger webbing gene (Ff) but could be either homozygous or heterozygous at the hair color gene (GG or Gg)
Cystic fibrosis is a disease in humans that follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and is caused by mutations in a single gene. An unaffected couple has two children. The first child has cystic fibrosis and the second child is unaffected. The genotype of the father…
Cc
