Cognition

Question 0

The retention of encoded information over time

Answer 0

Storage

Question 1

The processing of information into the memory system

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

The processes of getting information out of memory storage

Answer 2

Retrieval

Question 3

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 3

Sensory memory

Question 4

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly.

Answer 4

Short-term memory

Question 5

The relatively permanent, and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Answer 5

Long-term memory

Question 6

Focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

Answer 6

Working memory

Question 7

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrasts with step-by-step processing of most computers and conscious problem solving

Answer 7

Parallel processing

Question 8

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings

Answer 8

Automatic processing

Question 9

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 9

Effortful processing

Question 10

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or it encode it for storage

Answer 10

Rehearsal

Question 11

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 11

Spacing effect

Question 12

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 12

Serial position effect

Question 13

The encoding of picture images

Answer 13

Visual encoding

Question 14

The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words

Answer 14

Acoustic encoding

Question 15

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Answer 15

Semantic encoding

Question 16

Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effort flu processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding

Answer 16

Imagery

Question 17

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 17

Mnemonics

Question 18

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Answer 18

Chunking

Question 19

A momentary sensory memory do visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tents of a second

Answer 19

Iconic memory

Question 20

A momentary sensory mo memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

Answer 20

Echoic memory

Question 21

An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 21

Long-term potentiation

Question 22

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 22

Flashbulb memory

Question 23

Loss of memory

Answer 23

Amnesia

Question 24

Retention independent of conscious recollection.

Answer 24

Implicit memory

Question 25

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"

Answer 25

Explicit memory

Question 26

A neural center that is located in the limbus system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 26

Hippocampus

Question 27

Plays an important part our forming and storing of implicit memories

Answer 27

Cerebellum

Question 28

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Answer 28

Recall

Question 29

A measure of memory in which the person need only identity items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

Answer 29

Recognition

Question 30

A measure of memory that asses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Answer 30

Relearning

Question 31

The activation, often unconsciously, or particular associations in memory

Answer 31

Priming

Question 32

The eerie sense that "I've been experienced this before." Cues from the current situation

Answer 32

Déjà vu

Question 33

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad

Answer 33

Mood-congruent memory

Question 34

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Answer 34

Proactive interference

Question 35

The disruption effect of new learning on recall of old information

Answer 35

Retroactive

Question 36

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Answer 36

Repression

Question 37

Incorporating misleading information into ones memory of am event

Answer 37

Misinformation effect

Question 38

Attributing to the wrong source of an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined

Answer 38

Source amnesia

Question 39

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

Answer 39

Algorithm

Question 40

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently

Answer 40

Heuristic

Question 41

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 41

Insight

Question 42

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 42

Creativity

Question 43

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Answer 43

Conformation bias

Question 44

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set

Answer 44

Fixation

Question 45

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

Answer 45

Mental set

Question 46

The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving

Answer 46

Functional fixedness

Question 47

Judging the likelihood of things I terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; May lead us to ignore other relevant information

Answer 47

Representativeness heuristics

Question 48

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind

Answer 48

Availability heuristics

Question 49

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements

Answer 49

Framing